Table 2.
Summary of recent publications showing repurposed drugs with favorable activity against NTM infections.
| Compound | Description | NTM | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|
| Carvacrol | Major constituent of many essential oils of the Labiatae family; Generally recognized as safe (GRAS) and approved for use in food; Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, analgesic, antihepatotoxic, and insecticidal activities; Activity in vitro against planktonic and biofilm cells of several RGM. |
M. abscessus; M. fortuitum; M. chelonae; M. mucogenicum; M. smegmatis. Biofilm inhibiting activity |
[128,129] |
| Omadacycline | Tetracycline, used for skin infections and community-acquired pneumonia caused by Gram-positive bacteria; In vitro activity against M. abscessus. |
M. abscessus; M. chelonae; M. fortuitum |
[130,131,132,133] |
| Mefloquine and enantiomers | Derivative of 4-quinolinemethanol; An antimicrobial drug used against chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum; Active in vitro and in vivo against MAC; Synergistic effect with antimycobacterial drugs in vivo. | MAC | [134,135,136] |
| Thioridazine | Phenothiazine derivative, an antipsychotic drug with activity against Mtb, by inhibition of the electron transport chain; In vitro activity in a hollow-fiber system model for pulmonary MAC disease (HFS-MAC). | MAC | [137,138] |
| Chloroquine | Antimalarial with activity in vitro and in vivo against M. avium. Also active in vitro against HIV-1. | MAC | [139] |
| Primaquine | Urea derivatives of this antimalarial showed high activity in vitro against M. avium. | MAC | [140] |