Table 8.
Overview of the limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), and expanded measurement uncertainty (U) (calculated using 3 concentration ranges, namely 5, 25, and 50 µg/kg, unless specified in table), for the antibiotics tested using the multi-residue method that were detected and quantified (semi-quantitative) in pig manure.
| Antibiotic Residue | LOD (µg/kg) | LOQ (µg/kg) | U (%) (k = 2) | Antibiotic Residue | LOD (µg/kg) | LOQ (µg/kg) | U (%) (k = 2) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| amoxicillin | 35 a | - | - | nalidixic acid | 1.3 | 4.3 | 20 |
| ampicillin | 35 a | - | - | oxolinic acid | 1.6 | 5.5 | 21 |
| benzylpenicillin | - | - | - | ciprofloxacin | 1.6 | 5.2 | 31 |
| cloxacillin | 75 a | - | - | danofloxacin | 1.8 | 5.8 | 26 |
| dicloxacillin | - | - | - | difloxacin | 2.6 | 8.5 | 32 |
| nafcillin | - | - | - | enoxacin | 2.1 | 7.2 | 40 |
| oxacillin | - | - | - | enrofloxacin | 1.9 | 6.2 | 44 |
| penicillin V | 75 a | - | - | norfloxacin | 1.3 | 4.2 | 38 |
| cefalexin | 6.6 | 22.2 | 35 | flumequine | 0.76 | 2.5 | 31 |
| cefalonium | 11.6 | 38.8 | 60 b | marbofloxacin | 1.8 | 5.8 | 26 |
| cefapirin | 4.5 | 15.0 | 22 | sarafloxacin | 1.3 | 4.2 | 29 |
| desacetyl cefapirin | - | - | - | lincomycin | 2.7 | 9.0 | 33 |
| cefazolin | 8.1 | 27.2 | 29 b | pirlimycin | 2.2 | 7.3 | 29 |
| cefoperazone | - | - | - | sulfachloropyridazine | 1.8 | 6.0 | 12 |
| cefquinome | 2.1 | 7.0 | 21 | sulfaclozine | 7.4 | 24.7 | 16 |
| ceftiofur | 3.4 | 11.3 | 38 | sulfadiazine | 1.1 | 3.5 | 21 |
| desfuroyl ceftiofur cysteine disulfide | 2.9 | 9.7 | 52 | sulfadimethoxine | 2.0 | 6.8 | 16 |
| chlortetracycline | 6.0 | 20 | 20 | sulfadoxine | 0.81 | 2.7 | 22 |
| doxycycline | 5.4 | 17.9 | 15 | sulfamerazine | 1.8 | 6.0 | 14 |
| oxytetracycline | 3.4 | 11.3 | 22 | sulfamethazine | 0.89 | 3.0 | 22 |
| tetracycline | 3.0 | 9.9 | 43 | sulfamethoxazole | 1.7 | 5.8 | 31 |
| erythromycin | - | - | - | sulfamethoxypyridazine | 3.0 | 10.2 | 11 |
| gamithromycin | 1.8 | 5.8 | 34 | sulfapyridine | 2.3 | 7.5 | 16 |
| spiramycin | 35a | - | - | sulfaquinoxaline | 3.2 | 10.8 | 16 |
| tilmicosin | 2.4 | 8.0 | 17 | sulfathiazole | 3.9 | 13.0 | 22 |
| tulathromycin | 35a | - | - | trimethoprim | 1.3 | 4.3 | 6 |
| tylosine | 5.2 | 12.7 | 28 | chloramphenicol | 5.8 | 19.3 | 52 |
| tylvalosin | 1.6 | 5.2 | 37 | florfenicol | 3.2 | 5.3 | 44 |
| tiamuline | 2.5 | 8.5 | 20 | thiamphenicol | 4.9 | 16.3 | 69 |
| valnemulin | 2.5 | 8.2 | 19 | dapson | 2.5 | 9.5 | 20 |
| cinoxacin | 1.2 | 4.2 | 17 |
a: LOD was estimated from the chromatograms. b: at 50 µg/kg.