Table I.
Currently Approved as well as Newly Proposed Human‐Pathogenic Picornavirus Genera, Species, and Serotypes
| Genus | Species | Serotypes | Main clinical manifestations |
|---|---|---|---|
| Enterovirus | Human enterovirus A | Coxsackievirus A (CVA) 2–8, 10, 12, 14, 16, enterovirus (EV) 71, 76, 89–91 | Herpangina (CVA), meningitis, poliomyelitis, acute flaccid paralysis (AFP), gastroenteritis, exanthema, respiratory disease, hand‐foot‐and‐mouth disease (CVA10, CVA16, EV71) |
| Human enterovirus B | CVA9, CVB1‐6, echovirus 1–7, 9, 11–21, 24–27, 29–33, EV69, 73–75, 77–88, 97, 100, 101 | Meningitis, encephalitis, minor febrile illness, respiratory disease, pericarditis, myocarditis, diarrhea, AFP, hepatitis, acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (CVA24) | |
| Human enterovirus C | CVA1, 11, 13, 17, 19–22, 24, EV96, poliovirus (PV) 1–3 | Poliomyelitis (PV1‐3), epidemic myalgia, Guillain‐Barré syndrome, vomiting and diarrhea, AFP | |
| Human enterovirus D | EV68 and 70 | Pneumonia and bronchiolitis, acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (EV70), meningoencephalitis (EV70) | |
| Human rhinovirus A | Human rhinovirus (HRV) 1A, 1B, 2, 7, 9–13, 15, 16, 18–25, 28–34, 36, 38–41, 43, 44, 46, 47, 49–51, 53–68, 71, 73–78, 80–82, 85, 88–90, 94, 96, 98, 100, Hanks | Common cold | |
| Human rhinovirus B | HRV3‐6, 14, 17, 26, 27, 35, 37, 42, 48, 52, 69, 70, 72, 79, 83, 84, 86, 91‐93, 97, 99 | Common cold | |
| Human rhinovirus Ca | Have yet to be cultivated and/or assessed for immunological cross‐reactivity | Acute lower respiratory tract infections | |
| Human rhinovirus Db | HRV8c, 45c, 95c | Common cold | |
| Hepatovirus | Hepatitis A virus | Hepatitis | |
| Parechovirus | Human parechovirus 1 and 2 (previously classified as echovirus 22 and 23), 3–6 | Mild gastrointestinal or respiratory illness | |
| Kobuvirus | Aichi virus | Gastroenteritis |