Table III.
Reported Antiviral Activities of Natural Compounds Described in the Review (Chemical Structures Are Given in Fig. 5)
| Antiviral activity in vitro | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Natural product | IC50 (µM) | Assay/virus tested | Positive control IC50 (µM) | Proposed mechanism of action | Citation |
| Farnesiferol B | 2.61 | Cell protection assay HRV‐2 | Pleconaril 0.03 | Capsid binder | 144 |
| Farnesiferol C | 2.51 | Cell protection assay HRV‐2 | Pleconaril 0.03 | Capsid binder | 144 |
| 6,7,8‐Trimethoxy‐coumarin | 11.98 | Cell protection assay HRV‐2 | Pleconaril 0.03 | Capsid binder | 318 |
| Flavan | 0.05 | Plaque reduction assay HRV‐1B | – | Capsid binder | 149 |
| Arborinine | 3.19 | Cell protection assay HRV‐2 | Pleconaril 0.03 | Capsid binder | 318 |
| (+)‐Thysanone | 47.1 | 3C protease assay HRV‐14 | – | Inhibitor of 3C protease | 323 |
| 2‐Methoxy‐stypandrone | 4.6 | 3C protease assay HRV‐14 | – | Inhibitor of 3C protease | 323 |
| 9,10‐Phenanthra‐quinone | 1.4 | 3C protease assay HRV‐14 | – | Inhibitor of 3C protease | 324 |
| Chrysosplenol C | 0.75 | Cell protection assay poliovirus type 1 | Guanidine HCl 310–1250 | Inhibitor of virus replication | 317 |
| Quercetin 3‐methylether | 0.95a | Titer reduction assay poliovirus 1A/S3 | – | Inhibitor of virus | 320 |
| 0.03b | Virus yield reduction assay HRV‐15 | – | Replication | 236 | |
| Kaempferol 3‐methylether | 0.67a | Titer reduction assay poliovirus 1A/S3 | – | Inhibitor of virus replication | 320 |
| 4′,5‐Dihydroxy‐3,3′,7‐trimethoxyflavone | ∼0.3 | Cell protection assay 20 HRV serotypes | – | Inhibitor of virus replication | 192 |
| Glaucine | 22.0 | Cell protection assay HRV‐14 | Disoxaril 1.5 | Inhibitor of virus replication | 327 |
| Oxoglaucine | 0.3 | Cell protection assay HRV‐14 | Disoxaril 1.5 | Inhibitor of virus replication | 327 |
| o‐Coumaroylamide of 3 aminomethylglaucine | 15.0 | Cell protection assay HRV‐14 | Disoxaril 1.5 | Inhibitor of virus replication | 327 |
| p‐Coumaroylamide of 3 aminomethylglaucine | 13.0 | Cell protection assay HRV‐14 | Disoxaril 1.5 | Inhibitor of virus replication | 327 |
| Axillarin | 1.82 | Cell protection assay HRV‐2 | – | Inhibitor of virus replication | 319 |
| Raoulic acid | <0.27 0.51 | Cell protection assay HRV‐2 Cell protection assay HRV‐3 | Ribavirin 356.5 (HRV‐2) ‐ (HRV‐3) | – | 325 |
a
a99% effective dose.
b
bMaximum tested concentration.