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. 2019 May 7;40(4):808–822. doi: 10.1177/0271678X19845934

Figure 5.

Figure 5.

Effect of cortical spreading depression on optogenetic neurovascular coupling. (a) Timeline shows the stimulation protocol where optogenetic stimulation of whisker barrel cortex (3 mW, 8 Hz, 6 ms; blue arrowheads) was delivered every 15 min to evoke a CBF response in ipsilateral whisker, motor and visual cortices (IW, IM, IV, respectively) imaged during baseline (30 s light off), stimulation (30 sec light on), and recovery (90 s light off) using laser speckle flowmetry. A single cortical spreading depression (CSD) was induced using strong optogenetic activation (see Methods) immediately after the first stimulation. (b) Left panel shows the CBF response to optogenetic stimulation in the three regions of interest before (b) and 15–60 min after a CSD. Right panel shows resting CBF changes quantified using laser speckle imaging. The characteristic post-CSD oligemia lasted more than an hour in all three regions of interest. p < 0.05–0.0001 vs. baseline for whisker (*), motor (†), visual cortex (#; n = 5 mice). One-way ANOVA for repeated measures followed by Dunnett's multiple comparisons.