Table 2.
Differences regarding characteristics of frail and non-frail subjects
| Characteristics | Non frail n = 19(%) |
Frail n = 25(%) |
Severely frail n = 80(%) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Age (years),Mean ± SD Age ≥ 85 years |
83.2 ± 7.2 8 (42) |
85.4 ± 4.8 16 (64) |
86.8 ± 5.1 * 53 (67.5)* |
|
| Gender (Female/Male) | 12/7 | 21/4 | 57/23 | |
| BMI (Kg/m2),Mean ± SD | 25.8 ± 4.8 | 25.3 ± 5.7 | 24.3 ± 5.9 | |
| Residency | Live alone | 11 (57.9) | 17 (68) | 18 (22.5) |
| With spouse and/or children | 8 (42) | 6 (24) | 26 (32.5) | |
| Nursing Home | 0 | 2 (8) | 36 (29.0) | |
| Medical history | Diabetes | 4 (21) | 7 (28) | 15 (19) |
| HTA | 9 (47.4) | 16 (64) | 49 (61.3) | |
| Dislipoproteinemia | 4 (21) | 5 (20) | 12 (15) | |
| Dementia | 4 (21) | 5 (20) | 40 (50)* | |
| Depression | 4 (21) | 6 (24) | 16 (20) | |
| Confusion | 4 (21) | 10 (40) | 45 (57)* | |
| Cardiopathy | 7 (36.8) | 17 (68) | 43 (53.8) | |
| osteoarthritis /osteoporosis | 19 (100) | 25 (100) | 79 (98.8) | |
| Falls | 6 (31.5) | 13 (52) | 41 (51.2) | |
| Incontinence | 1 (5.3) | 6 (24) | 32 (40.5)* | |
| Polypharmacy ≥ 5 | 7 (36.8) | 18 (72) | 63 (78.8)* | |
| Disease progression | Amelioration | 11 (57.9) | 12 (48) | 24 (30.4) |
| Stabilization | 4 (21) | 10 (40) | 41 (51.9) | |
| Death | 4 (21) | 3 (12) | 14 (17.7) | |
| Length of hospitalization (days) | 18.8 ± 20.9 | 21.6 ± 10.8 | 19.7 ± 14.8 | |
| Comprehensive geriatric assessment | MMSE Score | 23.2 ± 5.8 | 20.1 ± 6.1 | 15.6 ± 6.2 * |
| Dependency for ADL Katz score < 6 | 2 (10.5) | 15 (60) | 77 (96.3)* | |
| Malnourished MNA < 17 | 5 (27.8) | 7 (29.2) | 48 (62.3)* | |
| SEGA score | 6.7 ± 1.5 | 10.4 ± 0.8 | 15.2 ± 2.6 * | |
| Professional medical frame | 3 (15.8) | 16 (64) | 71 (88.8) |
Significant difference between values at p < 0.05 level is indicated by *. SD Standard deviation, BMI Body Mass Index, ADL Activities of Daily Living, MNA Mini Nutritional Assessment, SEGAm modified Short Emergency Geriatric Assessment