Table 1.

Examples of published enteroviral 2A substrates

Target protein	Virus	Refseq/UniProtKB AC	Gene	Cleavage site (sequence)	Substrate's cellular localization/function	Consequence(s) of proteolytic cleavage	Ref.
Dystrophin	CVB3	NP_000100/P11532	DMD	PGLTTI2434‐GASP	Cytoplasmic/Connects the cytoskeleton of a muscle fibre to the surrounding extracellular matrix	Sarcolemmal disruption leading to myocarditis and cardiomyopathy	14
eIF4GI	CVB4 Polio	NP_886553/Q04637	EIF4G1	TTLSTR681‐GPPR	Cytoplasmic/Translation initiation	Decline of host‐cell protein synthesis	e.g. 101, 102
Melanoma differentiation‐associated protein 5(MDA5)	EV71	NP_071451/Q9BYX4	IFIH1	RTVATS53‐GNMQa	Nuclear, cytosolic/cellular processes involving translation initiation, nuclear and mitochondrial splicing and ribosome and spliceosome assembly	Inhibition of type I interferon response	4, 10
Interferon (α, β and ω) receptor 1	EV71	NP_000620/P17181	IFNAR1	RSDESV56‐GNVTa	Cell membrane/mediates type I interferon signalling	Antagonizes type I interferon signalling	7
				RVQASD311‐GNNTa
Nucleoporin 62	Polio RV16	NP_001180286/P37198	NUP62	PATQTT72‐GFTFa	—	—	103, 104
				ATITST217‐GPSLa
				TPVTTA246‐GAPTa
				EHLNTS461‐GAPAa
Nucleoporin 98	Polio HRV2 HRV16	NP_005378/P52948	NUP98	VGSTLF374‐GNNK	Nuclear membrane/traffic of biological molecules between the nucleus and the cytoplasm	Prevent mRNA trafficking from nucleus to cytoplasm. Relocation of cellular proteins and inhibition of nuclear import/export.	103, 104, 105
				KALQTT552‐GTAKa
Nucleoporin 153	Polio	NP_001265138/P49790	NUP153	SCTVTT781‐GTLGa	—	—	103
				QTTSST1266‐GTAVa
				NNTTTS1287‐GFGFa
Serum response factor	CVB3	NP_003122/P11831	SRF	TVLKST326‐GSGP	Nucleus/Cardiac‐enriched transcription factor	Impaired cardiac function by downregulation of cardiac‐specific contractile and regulatory genes	60

Equal to UniprotKB sequence P52948 amino acid G569.

^aPredicted, unconfirmed cleavage site (Nurminen et al. Manuscript in preparation).