Table 1.
Biological characteristic of SARS‐COV, MERS‐CoV and other HCoVs
| SARS‐CoV | MERS‐CoV | HCoV‐229E | HCoV‐NL63 | HCoV‐OC43 | HCoV‐HKU1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genus | Beta‐CoVs lineage B | Beta‐CoVs, lineage C | Alpha‐CoVs | Alpha‐CoVs | Beta‐CoVs, lineage A | Beta‐CoVs, lineage A |
| Intermediary host | Palm civet | Dromedary, camel | Not defined | Not defined | Not defined | Not defined |
| Receptor | ACE2 | Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4 or CD26) | Human aminopeptidase N (CD13) | ACE2 | 9‐O‐Acetyl‐ated sialic acid | Not identified |
| Receptor distribution | Arterial and venous endothelium; arterial smooth muscle; small intestine, respiratory tract epithelium; alveolar monocytes and macrophages | Respiratory tract epithelium; kidney, small intestine; liver and prostate; activated leukocytes | Monocytic and granulocytic lineage; synaptic membranes of the central nervous system; intestinal, lung and kidney epithelial cells | Same as SARS‐CoV | Sub‐maxillary mucin | |
| Susceptibility in human cell lines in vitro | Respiratory tract; kidney; liver | Respiratory tract; intestinal tract; genitourinary tract; liver, kidney, neurons; monocyte; T lymphocyte; and histiocytic cell lines | Liver, primary embryonic lung fibroblasts, neural tissue, monocytes, dendritic cells and macrophages | Intestinal tract; kidney | Intestinal tract; neural tissue | Ciliated airway epithelial |
ACE2, angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2; CoV, coronavirus; HCoV, human coronavirus; MERS, Middle East respiratory syndrome; SARS, severe acute respiratory syndrome.