Figure 1.

Modified from Jack et al. [91] that describes biomarker curves in reference to time/disease progression. This figure illustrates the patient dependent variability cognitive reserve in determining cognitive impairment. For example, a comparison between high risk and low-risk patient (open circle) may indicate similar biomarker levels (closed circle), however with a clear difference cognitive outcomes. Also stressed here is the progression of markers that can provide the basis of early screening, detection, and diagnosis. (Image recreated with Dr. Jack’s permission). Low and high-risk cognitive impairment is based on family history and environmental factors, such as traumatic brain injuries.