Table 1.

Summary of clinically tested commercial LDA for nonsurgical periodontal therapy based on longest follow-up period.

Active Agent	Brand	Manufacturer	Dosage	Delivery Vehicle	Application and Duration (per Manufacturer/Study Design)	Longest Follow-Up Study	Authors	Study Design	Sample Size
Chlorhexidine	Chlo-Site®	Ghimas Company, Italy	1.5% CHX	Gel	1 application 15 days treatment	6 months	Paolantonio et al. 2009 [41]	Split-mouth	98
							Kranti et al. 2010 [42]	Split-mouth	10
							Jain et al. 2013 [43]	Split-mouth	30
							Matesanz et al. 2013 [44]	Parallel	22
	Periochip®	Perio Products Ltd., Jerusalem, Israel	2.5 mg CHX gluconate	Chip	1 application 7 days treatment	9 months	Jeffcoat et al. 1998 [45]	Parallel *	419
							Grisi et al. 2002 [46]	Parallel *	20
							Carvalho et al. 2007 [47]	Split-mouth *	28
	PerioCol®-CG	Eucare Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Chennai, India	2.5 mg CHX gluconate	Chip	1 application 7 days treatment	12 months	Reddy et al. 2016 [48]	Parallel	48
	EC40®	Biodent BV, Nijmegen, The Netherlands	35% CHX diacetate	Varnish	1 application 7 days treatment	9 months	Cosyn et al. 2006 [49]	Parallel	26
Doxycycline	Atridox®	Atrix Laboratories, Fort Collins, CO, USA	10% DOXY hyclate	Gel	1 application 7 days treatment	36 months	Bogren et al. 2008 [50]	Parallel *	132
Metronidazole	Elyzol®	Dumex, Copenhagen, Denmark	25% MET benzoate	Gel	2 applications 7 days treatment	12 months	Buduneli et al. 2001 [51]	Split-mouth	18
Minocycline	Arestin®	OraPharma, Inc., Warminster, PA, USA	1 mg MINO hydrochloride	Micro-spheres	1 application 14 days treatment	24 months	Cortelli et al. 2008 [52]	Parallel *	30
							Killeen et al. 2018 [53]	Parallel *	55
	Dentomycin®	Lederle Dental Division, Gosport, Hampshire, UK	2% MINO hydrochloride	Ointment	3–4 applications 14 days treatment	18 months	Timmerman et al. 1996 [54]	Parallel *	20
	Periocline®	Sunstar Corp., Tokyo, Japan
Tetracycline	Periodontal Plus ABTM	Advanced Biotech Products, Chennai, India	2 mg TET hydrochloride		1 application 7 days treatment	12 months	Reddy et al. 2016 [48]	Parallel	48
Enamel matrix derivative	Emdogain®	Institute Straumann AG, Basel, Switzerland	30 mg/mL porcine enamel matrix derivative	Gel	1 application	12 months	Mombelli et al. 2005 [55]	Split-mouth	16
Hyaluronic acid	Aftamed®	BioPlax Limited, London, UK	240 mg/100 g sodium hyaluronate	Gel	1 application	6 weeks	Omer at el. 2018 [56]	Split-mouth	33
	Aminogam®	Errekappa Euroterapici, Spa, Italy	Sodium hyaluronate, amino acids		1 application	3 months	Bevilacqua et al. 2012 [57]	Split-mouth *	11
	Gengigel®	Ricerfarma, Italy	0.2% and 0.8% Sodium hyaluronate		1 application	6 months	Eick et al. 2013 [58]	Parallel *	42
	Healon GV®	Pharmacia and Upjohn, Uppsala, Sweden.	14 mg/mL sodium hyaluronate		3 applications 27 days treatment	12 months	Engstrüm et al. 2001 [59]	Split-mouth *	9
Photosensitiser	EmunDo®	A.R.C. laser GmbH, Germany	Indocyanine green (iodide-free)	Dye Solution	2–4 applications 14–27 days treatment	3 months	Birang et al. 2015 [60]	Split-mouth	20
							Monzavi et al. 2016 [61]	Split-mouth *	25
	HELBO®	Bredent Medical, Germany	Phenothiazine chloride		1 application	12 months	Lulic et al. 2009 [62]	Parallel	10
							Alwaeli et al. 2015 [63]	Split-mouth *	21
							Petelin et al. 2015 [64]	Parallel *	27
							Tabenski et al. 2017 [65]	Parallel	48
	PeriowaveTM	Periowave Dental Technologies Inc, Canada	Methylene blue		1–3 applications	6 months	Berakdar et al. 2012 [66]	Split-mouth	22
							Müller Campanile et al. 2015 [67]	Split-mouth *	28
	Fotosan®	CMS Dental, Copenhagen, Denmark	Toluidine blue/tolonium chloride		1–3 applications	6 months	Goh et al. 2017 [68]	Split-mouth	27

CHX: Chlorhexidine; MINO: Minocycline; DOXY: Doxycycline; MET: Metronidazole; TET: Tetracycline. * Repeated application.