TABLE 1.
Major ESCRT and ESCRT-associated proteins in eukaryotes and archaea.
| Eukaryotes | Archaea | |||||
| Mammals | Saccharomyces | C. merolae | Sulfolobus | Sulfolobus | Asgard | |
| cerevisiae | acidocaldarius | islandicus | archaea | |||
| ESCRT-I | TSG101 | Vps23 | TSG101/CMK136C | + (Steadiness box) | ||
| VPS28* | Vps28 | VPS28/CMN120C | + | |||
| VPS37A–D | Vps37 | - | ||||
| MVB12A, B | Mvb12 | - | ||||
| ESCRT-II | EAP20 | Vps25 | EAP20/CMM195C | + | ||
| EAP30* | Vps22 | EAP30/CMO296C | + (Vps22/36-like) | |||
| EAP45 | Vps36 | - | ||||
| ESCRT-III | CHMP1A, B | Did2/Vps46 | CHMP1/CMQ376C | CHMP-like: | CHMP-like: | + (Vps2/24/46-like) |
| CHMP1/CMR340C | CdvB, | ESCRT-III, | ||||
| CHMP2A, B | Vps2 | CHMP2/CMB008C | Saci_0451, | ESCRT-III-1, | ||
| CHMP3 | Vps24 | - | Saci_1416, | ESCRT-III-2, | ||
| CHMP4A-C | Vps32/Snf7 | CHMP4/CMI044C | Saci_1601 | ESCRT-III-3 | + (Vps20/32/60-like) | |
| CHMP5 | Vps60 | CHMP5/VIG1/CML153C | ||||
| CHMP6 | Vps20 | CHMP6/CMQ184C | ||||
| CHMP7 | - | - | ||||
| IST1 | Ist1 | - | ||||
| ESCRT-IV | VPS4A, B | Vps4 | VPS4/CMO281C | Vps4/CdvC | Vps4/CdvC | + |
| LIP5 | Vta1 | LIP5/CMI268C | ||||
| ALIX | ALIX | Bro1 | ALIX/CMC051C | + (Bro1 domain) | ||
| CdvA | - | - | - | CdvA | CdvA | |
The list of proteins in mammals and S. cerevisiae excluding CdvA is based on Schuh and Audhya (2014). In the C. merolae genome, ESCRT and ALIX homologs were searched by BLAST using S. cerevisiae sequences as queries. The results for ESCRT homologs were consistent with those of Leung et al. (2008). CdvA homologs in eukaryotes were searched by BLAST using the S. acidocaldarius sequence as a query. “−” no detectable homologs. The information of Sulfolobus is based on Lindas et al. (2008); Samson et al. (2008), and Liu et al. (2017). Both Sulfolobus species have four CHMP family proteins. It is unclear which eukaryotic CHMP protein is the closest. “+” indicates that the homologous sequence is present in the genomes of “Asgard” archaea, the group proposed to be the closest to eukaryotes (Zaremba-Niedzwiedzka et al., 2017). Blank indicates that the protein or gene is not mentioned in the above results. Underlined proteins localize at the midbody or intercellular bridge (mammals) or between daughter nucleoids (Sulfolobus). The references are in this legend or the text. ∗VPS28 and EAP30 are required for midbody localization of TSG101 and EAP20, respectively (Christ et al., 2016). Proteins in bold font were examined in this study.