Table 1.

Personal, Professional, and Practice Characteristics of PCP Survey Respondents

	n (N=2,104)	%
Personal characteristics
Gender, Female	936	45
Race
White	1583	79
Black/African American	93	5
Asian/Pacific Islander	224	11
Other	86	4
Ethnicity, Hispanic	46	2
Professional characteristics
Provider type, non-physician (NP/PA)	357	17
Specialty
Family medicine	1123	53
Internal medicine	574	27
Nurse practitioner	192	9
Physician assistant	165	8
Other	50	2
Board Certified	1695	82
Years in practice
<10 years	520	26
10-20 years	676	34
>20 years	810	40
Practice characteristics
Small practice (≤ 5 providers)a	1157	57.5
Federally Qualified Health Center (FQHC)	311	15
Predominant payer mixb
Private	661	35
Medicaid/Healthy Michigan Plan	677	35
Medicare	421	22
Uninsured	12	1
Mixed	141	7
Payment arrangement
Fee-for-service	784	38
Salary	946	45
Capitation	44	2
Mixed	275	13
Other	40	2
Urbanicityc
Urban	1584	75
Suburban/Rural	520	25

^aDichotomized at sample median

^bComposite variable of all current payers: payer is considered predominant for the practice if >30% of physician’s patients have this payer type and <30% of patients have any other payer type. “Mixed” includes practices with more than one payer representing >30% of patients or practices with <30% of patients for each payer type.

^cZip codes and county codes were linked to the US Department of Agriculture Economic Research Service 2013 Urban Influence Codes to classify regions into urban (codes 1 and 2), suburban (codes 3-7), and rural (codes 8-12) designations.