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. 2017 Mar 30;85(4):280–290. doi: 10.1111/sji.12532

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© 2017 The Foundation for the Scandinavian Journal of Immunology

This article is being made freely available through PubMed Central as part of the COVID-19 public health emergency response. It can be used for unrestricted research re-use and analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source, for the duration of the public health emergency.

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Expression of cytokine/chemokine in serum of patients with acute respiratory bacterial infection. High levels of interleukin‐1 beta (IL‐1β), interleukins 4 and 5 (IL‐4 and IL‐5) and monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 (MCP‐1) in asthmatic and non‐asthmatic patients were observed (A, C, D, E). Tumour necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) and regulated on activation normal T cell expressed and secreted factor (RANTES) in asthmatic patients were observed incremented (B, F). Higher levels of TNF‐α in non‐asthmatic patients than those observed in asthmatic patients were found (B). Asthmatic (n = 4); non‐asthmatic (n = 7); control (n = 10). Data were analysed using a nonparametric ANOVA (Kruskal–Wallis test) and Dunn's multiple comparisons test. Values were expressed as mean ± standard deviation.