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. 2017 Mar 30;85(4):280–290. doi: 10.1111/sji.12532

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© 2017 The Foundation for the Scandinavian Journal of Immunology

This article is being made freely available through PubMed Central as part of the COVID-19 public health emergency response. It can be used for unrestricted research re-use and analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source, for the duration of the public health emergency.

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Cytokine/chemokine production in asthmatic and non‐asthmatic patients with pneumonia. Similar increased levels of interleukin‐1 beta (IL‐1β), tumour necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) and interleukins 4 and 5 (IL‐4 and IL‐5) in asthmatic and non‐asthmatic patients were observed (A, B, C, D). Higher levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 (MCP‐1) and regulated on activation normal T cell expressed and secreted factor (RANTES) in asthmatic patients were found (E, F). Asthmatic (n = 8); non‐asthmatic (n = 9); control (n = 10). Data were analysed using a nonparametric ANOVA (Kruskal–Wallis test) and Dunn's multiple comparisons test. Values were expressed as mean ± standard deviation.