. 2018 Mar 8;2(4):1700351. doi: 10.1002/smtd.201700351

Table 1.

Summary of recent studies on colorimetric detection of pathogenic bacteria and viruses using various NMs

Colorimetric strategy	Target pathogen	Nanomaterials	Functionalized biomolecules	Assay time	Detection limit	Reference
Oxidation by peroxidase‐like NMs	Escherichia coli O157:H7	Pt‐coated Fe₃O₄ NPa)	Antibody	30 min	10 CFUb) mL⁻¹	48
	Salmonella typhimurium	Fe₃O₄ NP	DNA aptamers	10 min	7.5 × 10⁵ CFU mL⁻¹	49
	Influenza A (H1N1) virus	Au NP	Antibody	1 min	10.79 pg mL⁻¹	55
	Influenza A (H3N2) virus	Au NP	Antibody	1 min	11.62 PFUc) mL⁻¹	55
	Influenza A (H3N2) virus	CNTd)‐Au nanohybrid	Antibody	10 min	3.4 PFU mL⁻¹	56
	Norovirus	Graphene‐Au nanohybrid	Antibody	10 min	92.7 pg mL⁻¹	57
Aggregation of NMs	Acetobacter aceti	Ag, Au NP	Citrate ions	20 min	0.05 OD₆₀₀ e) in 200 µL	74
	Bacillus species	Ag, Au NP	Citrate ions	20 min	0.05 OD₆₀₀ in 200 µL	74
	B. natto	Ag, Au NP	Citrate ions	20 min	0.05 OD₆₀₀ in 200 µL	74
	B. subtilis	Au NP	Protein	–	4.5 × 10³ CFU mL⁻¹	61
	CRPA (carbapenem‐resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa)	Ag, Au NP	Citrate ions	20 min	0.05 OD₆₀₀ in 200 µL	74
	E. coli	Au NP	Protein	10 min	8 CFUs mL⁻¹	65
	E. coli	Ag, Au NP	Citrate ions	20 min	0.05 OD₆₀₀ in 200 µL	74
	E. coli O157:H7	Au NP	Antibody	4 h	3 ± 1 bacteria mL⁻¹	63
	Lactobacillus species	Au NP	Antibody	1 min	105 CFU mL⁻¹	59
	Listeria monocytogenes	Au NP	Antibody	4 h	3 ± 1 bacteria mL⁻¹	63
	Mycobacterium tuberculosis	Au NP	DNA	30 min	1 pmol of synthetic DNA	64
	Plasmodium falciparum	Au NP	DNA	30 min	1 pmol of synthetic DNA	64
	Rhodopseudomonas	Ag, Au NP	Citrate ions	20 min	0.05 OD₆₀₀ in 200 µL	74
	Salmonella aureus	Au NP	Protein	10 min	8 CFUs mL⁻¹ for E. coli	65
	S. typhimurium	Au NP	Antibody	4 h	3 ± 1 bacteria mL⁻¹	63
	S. typhimurium	Au NP	DNA aptamer	–	56 CFU mL⁻¹	69
	Staphylococcus	Ag, Au NP	Citrate ions	20 min	0.05 OD₆₀₀ in 200 µL	74
	S. aureus	Au NP	Antibody	1 min	120 CFU mL⁻¹	59
	Cyprinid herpesvirus‐3 (CyHV‐3)	Au NP	DNA	20 min	10 fg CyHV‐3‐Au NP DNA (30 virions)	67
	Human papillomavirus	Ag NP	PNAf)	–	1.03 × 10⁻⁹ m	70
	Influenza A (H1N1) virus	Au NP	Antibody	20 min	7.6 HAUg)	60
	Influenza A (H3N2) virus	Au NP	Antibody	20 min	7.6 HAU	60
	Influenza A (H1N1) virus	Glycan‐functionalized Au NP	Antibody	90 min	8 HAh)	62
	Influenza A (H5N1) virus	Glycan‐functionalized Au NP	Antibody	90 min	8 HA	62
	Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus	Ag NP	PNA	–	1.53 × 10⁻⁹ m	70
	Mycobacterium tuberculosis	Ag NP	PNA	–	1.27 × 10⁻⁹ m	70
Destabilization of NMs	Salmonella choleraesuis	PDAi)	Lysine	48 h	1–10 CFU mL⁻¹	77
	Influenza A (H1N1) virus	PEP‐PDAj)	Peptide	5 min	10⁵ PFU	76

^{^a)}

NP: nanoparticle

^{^b)}

CFU: colony‐forming units

^{^c)}

PFU: plaque‐forming units

^{^d)}

CNT: carbon nanotube

^{^e)}

OD₆₀₀: optical density at a wavelength of 600 nm

^{^f)}

PNA: peptide nucleic acid

^{^g)}

HAU: hemagglutinin units per 50 µL

^{^h)}

HA: hemagglutinin

^ⁱ⁾

PDA: polydiacetylene

^{^j)}

PEP‐PDA: peptide‐functionalized PDA.

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