Figure 3.

Host lncRNAs regulate the transcription of cytokines and IFN‐stimulated genes (ISGs) as a modulator of histone modification, promoter activation or repression. NeST interacts with WDR5 to increase the chromatin open modifications at the ifng loci. THRIL increases TNF‐α transcription via binding with hnRNP L on the TNF‐α promoter. NEAT1 sequesters the repressor SFPQ in the paraspeckle and thus increases the IL‐8 transcription. lincRNA‐Cox2 increases IL‐6 via an unknown mechanism and decreases the CCL5 transcription by interaction with hnRNP A/B and hnRNP A2/B1. NRAV as a repressive factor decrease the expression of several critical ISGs through modulation of histone modification. lncRNA‐CMPK2 functions as a repressor via an IFN‐independent unknown mechanism.