Table 1.
Characteristics of Patients With Gallbladder Cancer Compared With 2 Control Groups
| Controls | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gallbladder Cancer (n = 36) |
With Gallstones (n = 29) |
Community (n = 47) |
P Valuea | |
| Age, median (range), y | 61 (41-77) | 57 (44-76) | 65 (3779) | .60 |
| Female sex, No. (%)b | 32 (88.9) | 21 (77.8) | 39 (83.0) | .50 |
| Location in Chile, No. (%) | ||||
| Santiago | 17 (47.2) | 14 (48.3) | 27 (57.4) | |
| Concepción | 10 (27.8) | 8 (27.6) | 10 (21.3) | .90 |
| Temuco | 9 (25.0) | 7 (24.1) | 10 (21.3) | |
| History or presence of gallstones, No. (%)b,c | 34 (94.4) | 29 (100.0) | 8 (17.8) | <.001 |
| Education, median (range), y | 6 (2-16) | 8 (2-15) | 6 (0-25) | >.99 |
| Ever smoking, No. (%)b | 12 (33.3) | 14 (50.0) | 21 (44.7) | .40 |
| Typical weight as adult, No. (%)b | ||||
| Normal weight | 13 (41.9) | 7 (29.2) | 13 (30.2) | |
| Overweight | 10 (32.3) | 11 (45.8) | 19 (44.2) | .90 |
| Class I obesity | 6 (19.4) | 4 (16.7) | 6 (14.0) | |
| Class II/III obesity | 2 (6.5) | 2 (8.3) | 5 (11.6) | |
| Self-reported diabetes, No. (%)b | 9 (25.0) | 5 (17.9) | 8 (17.4) | .70 |
| Family history of gallbladder cancer, No. (%)b | 2 (7.4) | 1 (4.8) | 1 (2.9) | .80 |
| Consumption at least weekly, No. (%)b,d | ||||
| Ají rojo paste | 17 (47.2) | 5 (17.9) | 9 (19.1) | .009 |
| Fresh ají verde | 20 (55.6) | 12 (42.9) | 18 (38.3) | .30 |
| Aflatoxin B1-lysine adduct | ||||
| No. detectable | 23 | 7 | 9 | |
| Level, median (IQR), pg/mg of albumine | 7.6 (11.1) | 3.5 (3.5) | 2.4 (2.5) | <.001 |
Abbreviation: IQR, interquartile range.
a
Calculated using the Kruskal-Wallis test for difference in medians for continuous variables and the Fisher exact χ2 test for categorical variables.
b
Percentages exclude individuals with missing data.
c
Gallstone status assessed through questionnaire, medical record abstraction, ultrasound, specimen collection or histology, or a combination of these.
d
Participants were asked, “Before the last 3 years, how many times per day, week, or month did you eat….”
e
Among those with detectable levels.