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. 2020 Mar 30;56(6):1417–1428. doi: 10.3892/ijo.2020.5032

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Roles of ROS and JNK in AND-induced G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of osteosarcoma cells. Cells were treated with SP600125 (40 µM) or NAC (5 µM) for 1 h prior to incubation with AND for 24 h. (A) Cell proliferation was determined using an MTS assay. (B) Cell cycle distribution was evaluated by flow cytometry is shown in the histogram. (C and D) Apoptosis and (E and F) mitochondrial membrane potential were detected using flow cytometry. (G) Expression of apoptosis-related proteins, p-JNK and JNK was measured by western blot analysis. (H) Levels of ROS were estimated by flow cytometry. *P<0.05 vs. control, #P<0.05 vs. AND treatment. AND, andrographolide; ROS, reactive oxygen species; SP, SP600125; NAC, N-Acetyl-L-cysteine; p-JNK, phospho-JNK; MFI, mean fluorescence intensity; PARP, Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase.