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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Jun 1.
Published in final edited form as: Addict Behav. 2019 Jan 21;93:173–179. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.01.024

Table 2.

Individual Gambling Behaviors in the Past Year

Descriptive Information on Individual Gambling Behaviors and Their Associations with Alcohol use and Problem Gambling
Frequency of Gambling Behavior in the Past Year Associations with β / Log Odds (s.e.)
Individual Gambling Behaviors % < Once a Week % Weekly or More Alcohol Use Problem Gambling
Bet on Lotteries or Played the Numbers 24.83 3.46 0.15 (0.04)*** 1.55 (0.53)**
Played Slot Machines, Poker Machines or Online Gambling Games 24.76 1.29 0.21 (0.04)$*** 1.85 (0.59)***
Played Cards for Money 21.89 2.31 0.20 (0.04)*** 1.87 (0.53)***
Bet on Other Sports 11.08 2.03 0.18 (0.09)* 1.22 (0.58)*
Played Dice Games for Money 8.64 0.87 0.16 (0.09) 1.22 (0.61)*
Played Pool or Other Games of Skill for Money 7.48 1.43 0.55 (0.16)$*** 0.66 (0.69)
Traded Stocks and/or Commodities Online 3.29 0.80 −0.02 (0.12) −1.79 (1.19)
Bet on Horses, Dogs or Other Animals 3.25 0.21 0.31 (0.18) 0.79 (0.44)

Individual gambling behaviors are sorted by frequency. Alcohol use (independent variable) was associated with most individual gambling behaviors. Most individual gambling behaviors (independent variables) were associated with problem gambling. To assess associations between individual gambling behaviors and problem gambling, we performed logistic mixed effects models using age, sex, sample/cohort as covariates and adjusting for interactions between all predictors/covariates with sample/cohort.

Note:

$

indicates a significant interaction with sex (p < 0.05)