Table 3.
Results from Individual-Level Analyses Predicting Gambling Frequency
| Individual-Level Associations: Unstandardized Estimates: β (s.e.) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model | Variable | Sample | ||
| Full Sample | Clinical | Twins | ||
| Model 1 | Age | 0.03 (0.06) | 0.06 (0.10) | −0.01 (0.08) |
| Sex | 0.21*** (0.06) | 0.21* (0.10) | 0.17* (0.08) | |
| Sample | 0.18** (0.07) | NA | NA | |
| Past Year Alcohol Use | 0.19&*** (0.03) | 0.11* (0.06) | 0.27*** (0.04) | |
| Model 2 | Age | 0.03 (0.06) | 0.09 (0.10) | −0.02 (0.08) |
| Sex | 0.15* (0.06) | 0.13 (0.11) | 0.15* (0.08) | |
| Sample | 0.11 (0.07) | NA | NA | |
| Past Year Alcohol Use | 0.19*** (0.03) | 0.12* (0.06) | 0.26*** (0.04) | |
| ASPD Symptoms | 0.11*** (0.03) | 0.05 (0.05) | 0.13*** (0.03) | |
| MDD Symptoms | −0.01 (0.03) | 0.01 (0.05) | −0.02 (0.04) | |
| GAD Symptoms | 0.02 (0.03) | 0.03 (0.05) | 0.01 (0.04) | |
| Model 3 | Age | 0.02 (0.07) | 0.08 (0.11) | −0.04 (0.08) |
| Sex | 0.23*** (0.07) | 0.28** (0.12) | 0.18* (0.08) | |
| Sample | 0.00 (0.08) | NA | NA | |
| Past Year Alcohol Use | 0.14*** (0.03) | 0.13* (0.06) | 0.19*** (0.04) | |
| ASPD Symptoms | 0.04 (0.03) | 0.01 (0.06) | 0.08* (0.04) | |
| MDD Symptoms | −0.01 (0.03) | 0.04 (0.05) | −0.04 (0.04) | |
| GAD Symptoms | 0.03 (0.03) | 0.03 (0.05) | 0.00 (0.04) | |
| Alcohol Abuse Symptoms | 0.10** (0.04) | 0.08 (0.07) | 0.07 (0.04) | |
| Alcohol Dependence Symptoms | 0.00@(0.04) | −0.01 (0.06) | 0.03 (0.04) | |
Note:
&
represents significant interaction with sample (p < 0.05)
@
represents significant interaction with age (p < 0.05)