Table 4.
Results from Co-Twin Control Analyses Predicting Gambling Frequency
| Co-Twin Control Analyses: Unstandardized Estimates: β (s.e.) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Model | Variable | Sample | |
| All Twins | MZ Twins | ||
| Model 1 | Age | 0.01 (0.10) | −0.02 (0.06) |
| Sex | −0.02 (0.10) | 0.02 (0.16) | |
| Zygosity | 0.07 (0.19) | NA | |
| βW [Alcohol Use] | 0.22** (0.08) | 0.25$** (0.08) | |
| βB [Alcohol Use] | 0.35$*** (0.07) | 0.39$*** (0.08) | |
| Model 2 | Age | −0.01 (0.10) | −0.03 (0.16) |
| Sex | −0.04 (0.10) | −0.02 (0.16) | |
| Zygosity | 0.07 (0.20) | NA | |
| βW [Alcohol Use] | 0.22** (0.08) | 0.25** (0.08) | |
| βB [Alcohol Use] | 0.33$*** (0.07) | 0.38*** (0.08) | |
| βW [ASPD] Symptoms | 0.14 (0.07) | 0.18$* (0.08) | |
| βB [ASPD] Symptoms | 0.13* (0.06) | 0.12 (0.07) | |
| MDD Symptoms | −0.03 (0.04) | −0.04 (0.06) | |
| GAD Symptoms | 0.00 (0.04) | 0.05 (0.06) | |
| Model 3 | Age | −0.04 (0.11) | −0.03 (0.18) |
| Sex | 0.01 (0.11) | 0.07 (0.19) | |
| Zygosity | −0.01 (0.21) | NA | |
| βW [Alcohol Use] | 0.17* (0.08) | 0.21* (0.08) | |
| βB [Alcohol Use] | 0.23$** (0.08) | 0.27** (0.09) | |
| βW [ASPD] Symptoms | 0.10 (0.08) | 0.15 (0.08) | |
| βB [ASPD] Symptoms | 0.09 (0.07) | 0.07 (0.08) | |
| MDD Symptoms | −0.05 (0.04) | −0.06 (0.06) | |
| GAD Symptoms | 0.00 (0.04) | 0.06 (0.06) | |
| Alcohol Abuse Symptoms | 0.07 (0.04) | 0.01 (0.07) | |
| Alcohol Dependence Symptoms | 0.03 (0.04) | 0.07 (0.07) | |
Note:
$
indicates a significant interaction with sex (p < 0.05)