Table 51-4.
Estimated Extra Days, Extra Charges, and Deaths Associated with Nosocomial Infections in U.S. Hospitals as Reported in Recent Major Studies
| Infection | Description | Average Extra Days in Hospital or ICU Per Infection | Average Extra Charges or Costs per Infection ($) | Excess Mortality |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unadjusted | AttribuTable | ||||
| Postoperative Surgical Wound Infection | |||||
| Kirkland et al, 1999600 | CABG, vascular surgery, abdominal surgery, orthopedic surgery | 6.5 | 3,089 | NR | 4.3% |
| Whitehouse et al, 2002601 | Orthopedic surgery | 14 | 17,708 | NR | 0.0% |
| Hollenbeak et al, 2000602 | Deep chest infection following CABG | 20 | 20,012 | NR | 19.4% |
| McGarry et al, 2004603 | All major surgical procedures; only S. aureus infections included | 13 | 53,625 | NR | 16.8% |
| Herwaldt et al, 2006604 | All major surgical procedures | NR | 3,021 | 1.2% | 0% |
| Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia | |||||
| Fagon et al, 1993605 | Medical and surgical patients | 13 | NR | NR | 27.1% |
| Heyland et al, 1999606 | Medical and surgical patients | 4.3 | NR | NR | 5.8% |
| Bercault et al, 2001607 | Medical and surgical patients | 5 | NR | NR | 27.4% |
| Rello et al, 2002608 | Medical and surgical patients | 11 | 40,000 | NR | 0% |
| Warren et al, 2003609 | Medical and surgical patients | 25 | 11,897 | 16% | NR |
| Cocanour et al, 2005610 | Trauma patients | 15 | 57,158 | NR | 0% |
| Bloodstream Infection | |||||
| Pittet et al, 1994264 | Surgical ICU | 24 | 40,000 | NR | 35% |
| Digiovine et al, 1999265 | Adult ICU | 10 | 34,508 | NR | 4% |
| Slonim et al, 2001611 | Pediatric ICU | 22 | 35,000 | NR | 13% |
| Warren et al, 2006612 | Adults | 7.5 | 11,971 | 23% | NR |
| Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection | |||||
| Bryan et al, 1984469 | Medical and surgical patients | NR | NR | NR | 12% |
| Tambyah et al, 2002472 | Medical and surgical patients | NR | 589 | NR | NR |