. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Apr 20.

Published in final edited form as: Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet. 2017 Jul;174(5):485–537. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32542

Table I:

Genes containing common variants most consistently implicated in ADHD, based on (Gizer et al. 2009) and more recent (meta-)analyses.

Gene	Protein	Associated variant/polymorphism	Risk allele	Location/chr position	References for reports of association with ADHD
DRD2/ANNK1	Dopamine receptor D2/ Ankyrin repeat and kinase domain containing 1	Taq1A (rs1800497)	T allele = A1-allele	Exon 8/ 3’ flanking/11q23	(Comings et al. 1991)^a; (Pan et al. 2015)^b

DRD4^*	Dopamine receptor D4	48 bp VNTR	7 repeat (5 repeat in Asians)	Exon 3/11p15	(LaHoste et al. 1996)^a; (Gizer et al. 2009)^b; (Wu et al. 2012)^b
		rs1800955	T allele	Promoter/11p15	(Barr et al. 2001)^a; (Yang et al. 2008)^d; (Gizer et al. 2009)^b

DRD5	Dopamine receptor D5	148 bp dinucleotide repeats	148 bp allele	5’ flanking/4p16	(Daly et al. 1999)^a; (Gizer et al. 2009)^b; (Wu et al. 2012)^b

HTR1B	Serotonin receptor 1B, G protein-coupled	rs6296	G allele	Exon 1/6q14	(Hawi et al. 2002)^a; (Gizer et al. 2009)^b

LPHN3	Latrophilin 3	rs6551665	G allele	4q13	(Arcos-Burgos et al. 2010)^a; (Hwang et al. 2015)^d; (Ribases et al. 2011)^d; (Labbe et al. 2012)^a
		rs6858066	G allele

NOS1^*	Nitric oxide synthase 1	180-210 bp CA repeat	Short allele	Exon 1/12q24	(Reif et al. 2009)^a; (Franke et al. 2009)^c; (Weber et al. 2015)^b

SLC6A3/DAT1^*	Solute Carrier Family 6 (Neurotransmitter Transporter), Member 3; Dopamine transporter 1	40 bp VNTR	10 repeat	3’ UTR/5p15	(Cook et al. 1995)^a; (Gizer et al. 2009)^b
		rs27072	G allele	3’ UTR/5p15	(Galili-Weisstub and Segman 2003)^a; (Gizer et al. 2009)^b
		30 bp VNTR	6 repeat	Intron 8/5p15	(Brookes et al. 2006)^a; (Gizer et al. 2009)^b

SLC6A4/5HTT^*	Solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter), member 4; serotonin transporter	5-HTTLPR	Long allele	Promoter/17q11	(Manor et al. 2001)^a; (Gizer et al. 2009)^b; (Landaas et al. 2010)^b

SLC9A9/NHE9	Solute Carrier Family 9, Subfamily A, Member 9	rs9810857	T allele	Region 3p14-q21	(de Silva et al. 2003)^a; (Stergiakouli et al. 2012)^c; (Mick et al. 2010)^c

SNAP25	Synaptosomal-associated protein, 25kDa	rs3746544	T allele	3’ UTR/20p12	(Brophy et al. 2002)^a; (Gizer et al. 2009)^b

Bold text indicates significant result at P < 0.05 in Gizer et al., 2009.

Association first reported by.

Meta-analysis article.

GWAS finding.

Association in large sample or validation using animal model.

Gene with at least one case-control imaging genetics study

ADHD = Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, bp = base pair, chr = chromosome, CNV = copy number variation, UTR = untranslated region, VNTR = variable number tandem repeat; no imaging genetics studies found.