Table 1.

Definition of radiological criteria and guideline recommendations

Category by TNM (a)	Clinical stage	Resectability criteria (b)	Guideline consensus recommendations (c, d, e)
T1-3, NO, M0	0-IIA	Resectable	Upfront surgery followed by adjuvant therapy
T1-3, N1-2, M0	IIB-III	Borderline-resectable	Consider neoadjuvant therapy prior surgery
T4^, N any, M0	III	Locally advanced unresectable^	Consider induction systemic therapy followed by chemoradiation therapy consolidation

^a, Tumor, Node, Metastasis (TNM) system of the combined American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC)/Union for International Cancer Control (UICC) eighth edition, 2017⁰⁴;

^b, Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma, Version 1.2019, NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology. Journal National Comprehensive Cancer Network. 2019⁰⁶;

^c, Guidelines of the American Society of Clinical Oncology⁰⁸ (ASCO), the National Comprehensive Cancer Network⁰⁶ (NCCN) and the European Society for Medical Oncology¹² (ESMO);

^d, participation in clinical trials is encouraged;

^e, multidisciplinary and comprehensive cancer care discussion is advised;

^{^}, T4 Tumor involves >180° celiac axis, superior mesenteric artery, and/or common hepatic artery, and/or unreconstructible superior mesenteric vein/portal vein due to tumor involvement or occlusion, regardless of size.