Figure 1.

(a) Graphic representation of ALDH coding capacity in different taxonomic groups of oral bacteria, investigated using the PATRIC database. The percentage of strains with a predicted ALDH encoding gene is indicated and highlighted in red. Other Firmicutes includes Granulicatella spp. (n = 6) and Gemella spp. (n = 4). Fusobacteria includes Fusobacterium spp. (n = 15) and Leptotrichia spp. (n = 15). Bacteroidetes includes Porphyromonas spp. (n = 71), Prevotella spp, (n = 66) and Tannerella spp. (n = 3). (b) Plot generated in LEfSe showing the increased abundance of acetaldehyde dehydrogenase enzyme (EC 1.2.1.10) encoding genes in the metagenomes of samples from healthy NC mucosa compared to OLK (P = 0.008). OLK are categorized as in mild to moderate dysplasia (red) and severe dysplasia (green). Straight and dotted lines correspond to mean and median values, respectively