Table 3.
Total | Fatigue | Cognitive symptoms | Pain | Sensitivity symptoms | Cardiological symptoms | Ophthalmic symptoms | Hypoglycemia | Hyperglycemia | |
Gender† | 4.96 (1.94 to 7.98) |
3.43 (0.45 to 6.41) |
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Age | 4.88 (0.53 to 9.23) |
−10.77 (−15.26 to −6.28) |
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Education | |||||||||
Diabetes duration | −1.49 (−3.00 to 0.02) |
−4.10 (−6.96 to −1.24) |
−2.95 (−6.09 to 0.19) |
−3.73 (−7.12 to −0.34) |
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Complications | 3.52 (1.91 to 5.13) |
3.53 (0.75 to 6.31) |
4.21 (0.00 to 8.42) |
8.75 (5.01 to 12.49) |
9.22 (5.87 to 12.57) |
5.63 (2.32 to 8.94) |
4.92 (1.24 to 8.60) |
4.66 (1.27 to 8.05) |
|
Comorbidity | 2.29 (0.09 to 4.49) |
5.11 (−0.06 to 10.28) |
5.66 (0.31 to 11.01) |
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HbA1c | 5.74 (2.60 to 8.88) |
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BMI | 2.57 (1.18 to 3.96) |
5.47 (2.63 to 8.31) |
5.65 (1.91 to 9.39) |
6.67 (3.48 to 9.86) |
6.46 (3.30 to 9.62) |
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Treatment‡ | 4.61 (0.63 to 8.59) |
5.56 (1.70 to 9.42) |
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Symptomatic hypoglycemia | 5.74 (4.25 to 7.23) |
11.42 (8.83 to 14.01) |
7.43 (4.22 to 10.64) |
9.36 (5.54 to 13.18) |
8.70 (5.52 to 11.88) |
6.32 (2.64 to 10.00) |
6.90 (3.51 to 10.29) |
12.98 (8.65 to 17.31) |
7.94 (4.80 to 11.08) |
Severe hypoglycemia | 3.92 (0.76 to 7.08) |
6.98 (0.20 to 13.76) |
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Low mood§ | 11.09 (9.44 to 12.74) |
33.03 (29.85 to 36.21) |
20.56 (16.93 to 24.19) |
8.38 (3.87 to 12.89) |
9.09 (5.39 to 12.79) |
10.67 (6.83 to 14.51) |
6.29 (2.25 to 10.33) |
20.28 (15.42 to 25.14) |
16.34 (12.36 to 20.32) |
Likely depression¶ | 19.56 (17.54 to 21.58) |
46.44 (42.72 to 50.16) |
33.20 (29.12 to 37.28) |
14.46 (9.64 to 19.28) |
16.42 (11.87 to 20.97) |
17.81 (12.89 to 22.73) |
17.27 (12.68 to 21.86) |
33.67 (27.10 to 40.24) |
25.79 (21.67 to 29.91) |
*The group with the lowest value(s) is used as reference (see the Methods section for the categories per patient characteristic).
†Male is coded as 0, female as 1.
‡Using oral agents is coded as 0, using insulin as 1.
§Normal well-being is coded as 0, low mood as 1.
¶Normal well-being is coded as 0, likely depression as 1.
BMI, body mass index; DSC-R, Diabetes Symptom Checklist-Revised; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c.