CENTRAL	PubMed	EMBASE (Datastar)
#1 VASODILATOR AGENTS explode all trees (MeSH) #2 vasodilat* OR vasoacti* #3 flunarizine OR betaserk OR pentoxifylli* OR betahistine OR nitric ADJ oxide OR prostaglandin OR lipoprostaglandin OR nylidrin OR papaverine OR nicotinic OR histamine OR atropine OR carbogen #4 naftidrofuryl* OR prostacyclin* OR nafronyl OR hydroxyethyl OR buflomedil* OR loftyl OR taprosten OR sadamine OR trimetazidine OR trental OR dusodril OR HES OR HAES #5 vincamine OR vincapront OR puerarin OR anisodamine OR flunaricine OR nimodipine OR xanitol OR nicotinate OR regeneresen OR vinpocetin #6 inosine OR isoprinosine OR hydralazine OR apresdine OR minoxidil OR loniten #7 fendiline OR felodipine OR adenosine OR lidoflazine OR vincamine OR tolazoline #8 acetylcholine OR alprostadil OR amiodarone OR amlodipine OR amrinone OR amyl ADJ nitrate OR bencyclane OR bepridil OR bradykinin OR calcitonin OR celiprolol OR chromonar OR cromakalim #9 cyclandelate OR diazoxide OR dihydroergo* OR dilazep OR diltiazem OR dipyridamole OR doxazosin OR dyphylline OR enoximone OR ergoloid OR erythrit* OR fendoldopam OR heptaminol OR hexobendine #10 iloprost OR isosorbide OR isoxsuprine OR isradipine OR kallidin OR khellin OR methylmethacrylate OR mibefradil OR milrinone #11 molsidomine OR moxisylyte OR niacin OR nicardipine OR nicergoline OR nicorandil OR nicotinyl OR nifedipine OR nimodipine OR nisoldipine OR nitrendipine OR nitroglycerin OR nitroprusside OR nonachlazine #12 oxprenolol OR oxyfedrine OR pentaerythritol OR perhexiline OR phenoxybenzamine OR pinacidil OR pindolol OR polymethyl OR prenylamine OR propranolol OR sodium ADJ azide OR suloctidil #13 theobromine OR theophylline OR thiouracil OR tolazoline OR trapidil OR trimetazidine OR verapamil OR xanthinol #14 adrenomedullin OR aligeron OR ataprost OR benturodil OR briserin OR bucindolol OR carvedilol OR cicaprost OR ciclonicate OR cilostazol OR eliprodil OR fenoldopam OR ifenprodil OR imazodan #15 lemakalim OR lemildipine OR maxadilan OR nicametate OR nipradilol OR pimobendan OR piroximone OR propentofylline OR proxazole OR proxyphylline OR tetramethylpyrazine OR timolol OR tiodazosin OR visnadine #16 #1 OR #2 OR #3 OR #4 OR #5 OR #6 OR #7 OR #8 OR #9 OR #10 OR #11 OR #12 OR #13 OR #14 OR #15 #17 HEARING LOSS SUDDEN single term (MeSH) #18 HEARING LOSS SENSORINEURAL explode all trees (MeSH) #19 HEARING LOSS single term (MeSH) #20 DEAFNESS single term (MeSH) #21 hearing NEAR los* OR DEAF* #22 #18 OR #19 OR #20 OR #21 #23 sudden* OR abrupt* OR rapid* OR acute* #24 #22 AND #23 #25 SSHL OR SNHL OR ISHL OR ISSHL OR ISSNHL #26 #17 OR #24 OR #25 #27 #16 AND #26	#1 "Vasodilator Agents"[Mesh] #2 "Vasodilator Agents"[Pharmacological Action] #3 vasodilat* OR vasoacti* OR flunarizine OR betaserk OR pentoxifylli* OR betahistine OR "nitric oxide" OR prostaglandin OR lipoprostaglandin OR nylidrin OR papaverine OR nicotinic OR histamine OR #4 inosine OR isoprinosine OR hydralazine OR apresdine OR minoxidil OR loniten OR fendiline OR felodipine OR adenosine OR lidoflazine OR vincamine OR tolazoline OR acetylcholine OR alprostadil OR amiodarone OR amlodipine OR amrinone OR amyl ADJ nitrate OR bencyclane OR bepridil OR bradykinin OR calcitonin OR celiprolol OR chromonar OR cromakalim #5 cyclandelate OR diazoxide OR dihydroergo* OR dilazep OR diltiazem OR dipyridamole OR doxazosin OR dyphylline OR enoximone OR ergoloid OR erythrit* OR fendoldopam OR heptaminol OR hexobendine #6 iloprost OR isosorbide OR isoxsuprine OR isradipine OR kallidin OR khellin OR methylmethacrylate OR mibefradil OR milrinone OR molsidomine OR moxisylyte OR niacin OR nicardipine OR nicergoline OR nicorandil OR nicotinyl OR nifedipine OR nimodipine OR nisoldipine OR nitrendipine #7 nitroglycerin OR nitroprusside OR nonachlazine OR oxprenolol OR oxyfedrine OR pentaerythritol OR perhexiline OR phenoxybenzamine OR pinacidil OR pindolol OR polymethyl OR prenylamine OR propranolol OR “sodium azide” OR suloctidil OR theobromine OR theophylline OR thiouracil OR tolazoline OR trapidil OR trimetazidine OR verapamil OR xanthinol #8 adrenomedullin OR aligeron OR ataprost OR benturodil OR briserin OR bucindolol OR carvedilol OR cicaprost OR ciclonicate OR cilostazol OR eliprodil OR fenoldopam OR ifenprodil OR imazodan #9 lemakalim OR lemildipine OR maxadilan OR nicametate OR nipradilol OR pimobendan OR piroximone OR propentofylline OR proxazole OR proxyphylline OR tetramethylpyrazine OR timolol OR tiodazosin OR visnadine #10 atropine OR carbogen #11 naftidrofuryl* OR prostacyclin* OR nafronyl OR hydroxyethyl OR buflomedil* OR loftyl OR taprosten OR sadamine OR trimetazidine OR trental OR dusodril OR HES OR HAES #12 vincamine OR vincapront OR puerarin OR anisodamine OR flunaricine OR nimodipine OR xanitol OR nicotinate OR regeneresen OR vinpocetin #13 #1 OR #2 OR #3 OR #4 OR #5 OR #6 OR #7 OR #8 OR #9 OR #10 OR #11 OR #12 #14 "Hearing Loss, Sudden"[Mesh] #15 "Hearing Loss, Sensorineural"[Mesh] #16 "Hearing Loss"[Mesh] #17 "Deafness"[Mesh] #18 #15 OR #16 OR #17 #19 sudden* OR abrupt* OR rapid* OR acute* #20 #18 AND #19 #21 SSHL OR SNHL OR ISHL OR ISSHL OR ISSNHL #22 #14 OR #20 OR #21 #23 #13 AND #22	1. VASODILATOR‐AGENT#.DE.    2. (vasodilat$3 OR vasoacti$3).TI,AB.   3. (flunarizine OR betaserk OR pentoxifylli$3 OR betahistine OR nitric ADJ oxide OR prostaglandin OR lipoprostaglandin OR nylidrin OR papaverine OR nicotinic OR histamine OR atropine OR carbogen).TI,AB. 4. (nafronyl OR naftidrofuryl$15 OR prostacyclin$1 OR hydroxyethyl OR buflomedil$13 OR loftyl OR taprosten OR sadamine OR trimetazidine OR trental OR dusodril OR HES OR HAES).TI,AB.     5. (vincamine OR vincapront OR puerarin OR anisodamine OR flunaricine OR nimodipine OR xanitol OR nicotinate OR regeneresen OR vinpocetin).TI,AB.  6. (inosine OR isoprinosine OR hydralazine OR apresdine OR minoxidil OR loniten).TI,AB.      7. (fendiline OR felodipine OR adenosine OR lidoflazine OR vincamine OR tolazoline).TI,AB.   8. (acetylcholine OR alprostadil OR amiodarone OR amlodipine OR amrinone OR amyl ADJ nitrate OR bencyclane OR bepridil OR bradykinin OR calcitonin OR celiprolol OR chromonar OR cromakalim).TI,AB.   9. (cyclandelate OR diazoxide OR dihydroergo$8 OR dilazep OR diltiazem OR dipyridamole OR doxazosin OR dyphylline OR enoximone OR ergoloid OR erythrit$2 OR fendoldopam OR heptaminol OR hexobendine).TI,AB.    10. (iloprost OR isosorbide OR isoxsuprine OR isradipine OR kallidin OR khellin OR methylmethacrylate OR mibefradil OR milrinone).TI,AB.          11. (molsidomine OR moxisylyte OR niacin OR nicardipine OR nicergoline OR nicorandil OR nicotinyl OR nifedipine OR nimodipine OR nisoldipine OR nitrendipine OR nitroglycerin OR nitroprusside OR nonachlazine).TI,AB.   12. (oxprenolol OR oxyfedrine OR pentaerythritol OR perhexiline OR phenoxybenzamine OR pinacidil OR pindolol OR polymethyl OR prenylamine OR propranolol OR sodium ADJ azide OR suloctidil).TI,AB.           13. (theobromine OR theophylline OR thiouracil OR tolazoline OR trapidil OR trimetazidine OR verapamil OR xanthinol).TI,AB.         14. (adrenomedullin OR aligeron OR ataprost OR benturodil OR briserin OR bucindolol OR carvedilol OR cicaprost OR ciclonicate OR cilostazol OR eliprodil OR fenoldopam OR ifenprodil OR imazodan).TI,AB. 15. (lemakalim OR lemildipine OR maxadilan OR nicametate OR nipradilol OR   pimobendan OR piroximone OR propentofylline OR proxazole OR proxyphylline OR tetramethylpyrazine OR timolol OR tiodazosin OR visnadine).TI,AB. 16. 1 OR 2 OR 3 OR 4 OR 5 OR 6 OR 7 OR 8 OR 9 OR 10 OR 11 OR 12 OR 13 OR 14 OR 15 17. SUDDEN‐DEAFNESS.DE.         18. PERCEPTION‐DEAFNESS.DE. OR HEARING‐LOSS.DE.           19. (hearing NEAR los$3 OR deaf$4).TI,AB.      20. 18 OR 19         21. (sudden$2 OR abrupt$2 OR rapid$2 OR acute$2).TI,AB.      22. 20 AND 21       23. (SSHL OR SNHL OR ISHL OR ISSHL OR ISSNHL).TI,AB.        24. 17 OR 22 OR 23 25. 16 AND 24
CINAHL (Datastar)	mRCT
1. VASODILATOR‐AGENTS#.DE.            2. (vasodilat$3 OR vasoacti$3).TI,AB.   3. (flunarizine OR betaserk OR pentoxifylli$2 OR betahistine OR nitric ADJ oxide OR prostaglandin OR lipoprostaglandin OR nylidrin OR papaverine OR nicotinic OR histamine OR atropine OR carbogen).TI,AB. 4. (nafronyl OR naftidrofuryl$15 OR prostacyclin$1 OR hydroxyethyl OR buflomedil$13 OR loftyl OR taprosten OR sadamine OR trimetazidine OR trental OR dusodril OR HES OR HAES).TI,AB.     5. (vincamine OR vincapront OR puerarin OR anisodamine OR flunaricine OR nimodipine OR xanitol OR nicotinate OR regeneresen OR vinpocetin).TI,AB.  6. (inosine OR isoprinosine OR hydralazine OR apresdine OR minoxidil OR loniten).TI,AB.      7. (fendiline OR felodipine OR adenosine OR lidoflazine OR vincamine OR tolazoline).TI,AB.   8. (acetylcholine OR alprostadil OR amiodarone OR amlodipine OR amrinone OR amyl ADJ nitrate OR bencyclane OR bepridil OR bradykinin OR calcitonin OR celiprolol OR chromonar OR cromakalim).TI,AB.   9. (cyclandelate OR diazoxide OR dihydroergo$8 OR dilazep OR diltiazem OR dipyridamole OR doxazosin OR dyphylline OR enoximone OR ergoloid OR erythrit$2 OR fendoldopam OR heptaminol OR hexobendine).TI,AB.    10.(iloprost OR isosorbide OR isoxsuprine OR isradipine OR kallidin OR khellin OR methylmethacrylate OR mibefradil OR milrinone).TI,AB.          11.(molsidomine OR moxisylyte OR niacin OR nicardipine OR nicergoline OR nicorandil OR nicotinyl OR nifedipine OR nimodipine OR nisoldipine OR nitrendipine OR nitroglycerin OR nitroprusside OR nonachlazine).TI,AB.   12.(oxprenolol OR oxyfedrine OR pentaerythritol OR perhexiline OR phenoxybenzamine OR pinacidil OR pindolol OR polymethyl OR prenylamine OR propranolol OR sodium ADJ azide OR suloctidil).TI,AB.           13.(theobromine OR theophylline OR thiouracil OR tolazoline OR trapidil OR trimetazidine OR verapamil OR xanthinol).TI,AB.       14.(adrenomedullin OR aligeron OR ataprost OR benturodil OR briserin OR bucindolol OR carvedilol OR cicaprost OR ciclonicate OR cilostazol OR eliprodil OR fenoldopam OR ifenprodil OR imazodan).TI,AB. 15.(lemakalim OR lemildipine OR maxadilan OR nicametate OR nipradilol OR pimobendan OR piroximone OR propentofylline OR proxazole OR proxyphylline OR tetramethylpyrazine OR timolol OR tiodazosin OR visnadine).TI,AB. 16.1 OR 2 OR 3 OR 4 OR 5 OR 6 OR 7 OR 8 OR 9 OR 10 OR 11 OR 12 OR 13 OR 14 OR 15 17.HEARING‐DISORDERS#.DE.     18.(hearing NEAR los$3 OR deaf$4).TI,AB.        19.17 OR 18         20.(sudden$2 OR abrupt$2 OR rapid$2 OR acute$2).TI,AB.      21.19 AND 20       22.(SSHL OR SNHL OR ISHL OR ISSHL OR ISSNHL).TI,AB.        23.21 OR 22 24.16 AND 23	(sudden AND hear%) OR (sudden AND deaf%) OR SSHL OR SNHL OR ISHL OR ISSHL OR ISSNHL	—