Table 4.
Multivariable association of multimorbidity (≥2 conditions) and frailty, disability, quality of life and measurements of physical perfomances
| Variable | Group | Frailty or unable | Who DAS | Quality of life | Time to chair rise | Walk speed | Hand grip strength | ||||||
| OR (95% CI) |
P value | EM (95% CI) |
P value | EM (95% CI) |
P value | EM (95% CI) |
P value | EM (95% CI) |
P value | EM (95% CI) |
P value | ||
| Sex | Female | Referent | – | 13.71 (12.21 to 15.39) |
– | 53.97 (52.80 to 55.14) |
– | 15.22 (14.83 to 15.61) |
– | 0.92 (0.90 to 0.94) |
– | 32.53 (31.87 to 33.20) |
– |
| Male | 1.06 (0.83 to 1.36) |
0.655 | 10.76 (9.53 to 12.16) |
<0.001 | 55.96 (54.75 to 57.16) |
<0.001 | 13.45 (13.10 to 13.82) |
<0.001 | 1.04 (1.02 to 1.06) |
<0.001 | 44.86 (44.18 to 45.55) |
<0.001 | |
| Age | 1.08 (1.07 to 1.09) |
<0.001 | 0.040* 0.002 |
<0.001 | −0.325* 0.025 |
<0.001 | 0.009* 0.001 |
<0.001 | −0.008* 0.001 |
<0.001 | −0.012* 0.001 |
<0.001 | |
| Educational level completed | Some education | Referent | – | 10.11 (13.68 to 15.55) |
– | 55.74 (53.81 to 57.66) |
– | 13.7 (13.13 to 14.29) |
– | 1.02 (0.98 to 1.05) |
– | 39.87 (38.78 to 40.97) |
|
| No education | 0.94 (0.59 to 1.52) |
0.808 | 14.59 (13.68 to 15.55) |
0.001 | 54.18 53.48 to 54.90) |
0.127 | 14.94 (14.70 to 15.18) |
<0.001 | 0.94 (0.93 to 0.95) |
<0.001 | 37.52 (37.11 to 37.93) |
<0.001 | |
| Marital status | Married or cohabiting | Referent | – | 11.31 (10.12 to 12.63) |
– | 55.69 (54.60 to 56.78) |
– | 14.05 (13.72 to 14.39) |
– | 0.99 (0.97 to 1.01) |
– | 39.06 (38.43 to 39.68) |
– |
| Widowed, divorced, single | 1.19 (0.91 to 1.56) |
0.385 | 13.05 (11.41 to 14.92) |
0.019 | 54.24 (52.84 to 55.63) |
0.035 | 14.57 (14.12 to 15.03) |
0.019 | 0.96 (0.94 to 0.99) |
0.016 | 38.34 (37.54 to 39.13) |
0.067 | |
| Wealth (quintiles) | 5 | Referent | – | 12.53 (11.05 to 14.21) |
– | 59.82 (58.54 to 61.10) |
– | 14.67 (14.26 to 15.10) |
– | 0.98 (0.95 to 1.00) |
– | 40.85 (40.12 to 41.58) |
– |
| 4 | 0.83 (0.58 to 1.17) |
0.557 | 11.66 (10.08 to 13.49) |
0.346 | 57.24 (55.77 to 58.70) |
0.001 | 14.14 (13.69 to 14.61) |
0.037 | 1.01 (0.99 to 1.04) |
0.006 | 39.17 (38.34 to 40.01) |
<0.001 | |
| 3 | 0.59 (0.40 to 0.86) |
0.042 | 12.28 (10.57 to 14.27) |
0.794 | 54.51 (52.99 to 56.04) |
<0.001 | 14.03 (13.57 to 14.50) |
0.012 | 0.98 (0.95 to 1.01) |
0.824 | 38.62 (37.76 to 39.49) |
<0.001 | |
| 2 | 0.97 (0.69 to 1.38) |
0.81 | 12.18 (10.50 to 14.13) |
0.713 | 54.18 (52.68 to 55.69) |
<0.001 | 14.41 (13.94 to 14.90) |
0.322 | 0.97 (0.95 to 1.00) |
0.851 | 38.07 (37.21 to 38.93) |
<0.001 | |
| 1 | 1.19 (0.86 to 1.65) |
0.212 | 12.09 (10.46 to 13.98) |
0.645 | 49.06 (47.56 to 50.55) |
<0.001 | 14/29 (13.82 to 14.78) |
0.156 | 0.94 (0.92 to 0.97) |
0.023 | 36.76 (35.91 to 37.62) |
<0.001 | |
| Multimorbidity category defined as more than two conditions | No | Referent | – | 9.06 (8.10 to 10.13) |
– | 57.41 (56.34 to 58.49) |
– | 14.12 (13.80 to 14.46) |
– | 0.99 (0.98 to 1.01) |
– | 38.85 (38.24 to 39.46) |
– |
| Yes | 1.98 (1.57 to 2.50) |
<0.001 | 16.28 (14.34 to 18.49) |
0.001 | 52.51 (51.16 to 53.86) |
<0.001 | 14.49 (14.06 to 14.94) |
0.069 | 0.96 (0.93 to 0.98) |
0.001 | 38.54 (37.77 to 39.31) |
0.385 | |
*Beta values with SEs.
DAS, Disability Assessment Schedule; EM, estimated marginal mean.