Table 5.
Multivariable associations between multimorbidity category and frailty, disability, quality of life and measurements of physical perfomances after adjusting for number of conditions
| Outcome | |||||||||||||
| Variable | Group | Frail or unable | Who DAS | Quality of life | Time to chair rise | Walk speed | Grip strength | ||||||
| OR (95% CI) |
P value | EM (95% CI) |
P value | EM (95% CI) |
P value | EM (95% CI) |
P value | EM (95% CI) |
P value | EM (95% CI) |
P value | ||
| Sex | Female | Referent | – | 14.47 (10.81 to 14.39) |
– | 54.84 (53.37 to 56.33) |
– | 15.19 (14.70 to 15.71) |
– | 0.94 (0.91 to 0.96) |
– | 32.42 (31.56 to 33.27) |
– |
| Male | 1.10 (0.86 to 1.42) |
0.451 | 9.91 (8.55 to 11.47) |
<0.001 | 56.72 (55.21 to 58.22) |
0.001 | 13.43 (12.98 to 13.90) |
<0.001 | 1.05 (1.03 to 1.08) |
<0.001 | 44.74 (42.88 to 45.60) |
<0.001 | |
| Age | 1.08 (1.07 to 1.09) |
<0.001 | 0.039* 0.002 |
<0.001 | −0.312* 0.025 |
<0.001 | 0.009* 0.001 |
<0.001 | −0.007* 0.001 |
<0.001 | −0.417* 0.015 |
<0.001 | |
| Educational level completed | Some education | Referent | – | 9.18 (7.37 to 11.44) |
– | 56.59 (54.45 to 58.72) |
– | 13.67 (13.04 to 14.34) |
– | 1.03 (1.00 to 1.07) |
– | 39.73 (38.51 to 40.95) |
– |
| No education | 0.94 (0.59 to 1.53) |
0.814 | 13.45 (12.14 to 14.91) |
<0.001 | 54.98 (53.85 to 56.11) |
0.113 | 14.93 (14.54 to 15.32) |
<0.001 | 0.96 (0.94 to 0.98) |
<0.001 | 37.43 (36.77 to 38.08) |
<0.001 | |
| Marital status | Married or cohabiting | Referent | – | 10.34 (9.00 to 11.88) |
– | 56.48 (55.06 to 57.90) |
– | 14.03 (13.59 to 14.48) |
– | 1.01 (0.98 to 1.03) |
– | 38.93 (38.12 to 39.75) |
– |
| Widowed, divorced, single | 1.19 (0.91 to 1.57) |
0.204 | 11.95 (10.21 to 13.97) |
0.019 | 55.09 (53.43 to 56.75) |
0.043 | 14.55 (14.01 to 15.10) |
0.019 | 0.98 (0.95 to 1.01) |
0.018 | 38.22 (37.27 to 39.18) |
0.071 | |
| Wealth (quintiles) | 5 | Referent | – | 11.3 (9.68 to 13.19) |
– | 60.75 (69.15 to 62.36) |
– | 14.63 (14.11 to 15.17) |
– | 1.00 (0.97 to 1.02) |
– | 40.70 (39.77 to 41.62) |
– |
| 4 | 0.85 (0.60 to 1.21) |
0.357 | 10.67 (9.02 to 12.62) |
0.452 | 58.07 (56.35 to 59.79) |
0.001 | 14.12 (13.59 to 14.68) |
0.044 | 1.03 (1.00 to 1.06) |
0.01 | 39.05 (38.06 to 40.04) |
0.001 | |
| 3 | 0.61 (0.41 to 0.89) |
0.011 | 11.29 (9.52 to 13.39) |
0.990 | 55.31 (53.54 to 57.07) |
<0.001 | 14.01 (13.37 to 14.57) |
0.015 | 1 (0.97 to 1.03) |
0.979 | 38.51 (37.50 to 39.52) |
<0.001 | |
| 2 | 1.04 (0.73 to 1.47) |
0.846 | 11.25 (9.51 to 13.32) |
0.957 | 54.89 (53.15 to 56.62) |
<0.001 | 14.4 (13.85 to 14.96) |
0.366 | 0.99 (0.96 to 1.02) |
0.623 | 37.96 (36.96 to 38.95) |
<0.001 | |
| 1 | 1.20 (0.86 to 1.67) |
0.234 | 11.08 (9.38 to 13.07) |
0.795 | 49.91 (48.17 to 51.65) |
<0.001 | 14.18 (13.73 to 14.85) |
0.185 | 0.96 (0.93 to 0.99) |
0.014 | 36.68 (35.67 to 37.68) |
<0.001 | |
| No of conditions | – | 1.52 (1.27 to 1.83) |
<0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.585 | 0.001 | 0.885 | |||||
| Multimorbidity category | No multimorbidity | Referent | – | 9.75 (8.69 to 10.94) |
– | 56.64 (55.52 to 57.78) |
14.15 (13.80 to 14.51) |
– | 0.99 (0.97 to 1.00) |
– | 38.85 (38.21 to 39.49) |
||
| Concordant | 0.73 (0.47 to 1.14) |
0.177 | 11.67 (9.66 to 14.08) |
0.075 | 55.91 (53.87 to 57.94) |
0.509 | 14.46 (13.82 to 15.14) |
0.384 | 1 (0.96 to 1.03) |
0.526 | 38.89 (37.72 to 40.06) |
0.257 | |
| Discordant | 0.99 (0.60 to 0.63) |
0.970 | 12.07 (9.72 to 15.00) |
0.066 | 54.80 (52.40 to 57.20) |
0.159 | 14.24 (13.48 to 15.05) |
0.828 | 1 (0.96 to 1.04) |
0.458 | 37.99 (36.61 to 39.38) |
0.946 | |
*Beta values with SEs.
DAS, Disability Assessment Schedule; EM, estimated marginal mean.