Table 2.

Associations of candidate variables (to be entered into path analysis) with EDS above threshold score at baseline and follow-up survey

Candidate predictor variables	Baseline survey			Follow-up survey
	Total number	Satisfied EDS threshold ≥13.0		Total number	Satisfied EDS threshold ≥13.0
		Number	Row %		Number	Row %
All women	1292	249	19.3	1292	163	12.6
Age
<25 years	509	109	21.4	314	46	14.6
25–29	466	94	20.2	482	69	14.3
≥30 years	317	46	14.5	496	48	9.7
χ2 test: p values			p=0.042			p=0.042
IPV
No or low	584	69	11.8	499	30	6.0
Severe psychological abuse alone	386	71	18.4	295	35	11.9
Physical and severe psychological abuse	322	109	33.9	498	98	19.7
χ2 test: p values			p<0.001			p<0.001
Poverty index*
No poverty/social disadvantage	322	45	14	311	20	6.4
Moderate poverty/social disadvantage	885	179	20.2	907	114	12.6
Severe poverty/social disadvantage	85	25	29.4	74	29	39.2
χ2 test: p values			p=0.003			p<0.001
Maternal ill health (follow-up)
No physical symptoms				1156	135	11.7
One or more physical symptoms				136	28	20.6
χ2 test: p values						p=0.003
Child ill health (follow-up)
No symptoms				1099	122	11.1
Presence of symptoms				193	41	21.2
χ2 test: p values						p<0.001
EDS at baseline
EDS: threshold <13.0	1043	NA			105	10.1
EDS: threshold ≥13.0	249				58	22.3
χ2 test: p values						p<0.001
Mean TEs at baseline
EDS: threshold <13.0 (mean, SD)	1043	5.1 (3.2)			5.2 (3.3)
EDS: threshold ≥13.0 (mean, SD)	249	6.6 (3.5)			6.3 (3.9)
t-test: p values			p<0.001			p<0.001

*Poverty index at baseline/follow-up based on items inquiring into education (none to high-school level=1; technical/university level=0), employment (unemployed=1; employed=0) and ongoing economic hardship (no economic hardship=0; any economic hardship=1), scored 0–3 (0=no poverty; 1=moderate poverty; 2,3=severe poverty), a higher score representing greater ongoing economic hardship. Economic hardship score generated by adding six items related to ongoing financial stressors, each of them scored ‘0’ for ‘no economic hardship at all’ and ‘1’ for ‘any economic hardship’. Total score was then dichotomised by assigning of ‘0’ for ‘no economic hardship at all’ and ‘1’ for ‘any economic hardship’.

EDS, Edinburgh Depression Scale; IPV, intimate partner violence; NA, not applicable; TE, traumatic effect.