Table 2.

Participants, interventions, comparators, outcomes and study designs (PICOS) of intervention studies (n=9)

ID	Ref	Study design	Aim	Intervention	Comparator	Country	Setting	Participants	n	Outcomes
39	Rambaud-Althaus et al 32	Pilot cluster randomised controlled study	To compare smartphone and paper-based versions	Electronic version of Algorithm for Management of Childhood Illness (ALMANACH)	Paper version	Tanzania	9 health facilities in Dar es Salaam	48 health workers; paper n=18, electronic n=30, and 504 children	552	Proportion of children appropriately managed
63	Shao et al 33	Qualitative in-depth interviews and focus group discussions	To assess health worker’s perceptions on uptake				6 health facilities in Dar es Salaam	Primary health workers; interviews n=24, focus groups n=16	40	Views on correct treatment
120	Palazuelos et al 46	Mixed methods comparison: survey and interviews	To compare perceptions on the mobile and paper versions	Mobile-based medicine dosing tool App CommCare for different medications	Paper-based tool	Mexico, Guatemala	Small rural mountain towns	17 community health workers; Mexico n=11, Guatemala n=6	17	Perceptions on use
125	Segal et al 35	Before-and-after study	To measure the app’s usability and effect on patient-centredness			Guatemala	Primary care clinics	6 interns	6	Accuracy, usability and patient-centredness
2	Abouda e t al 37	Before-and-after study	To report on the impact of using integrated syndromic guidelines	Algorithms for treatment of respiratory diseases	Usual care	Tunisia	28 primary healthcare clinics in Tunis	73 general practitioners; 2366 patients at baseline, 1475 impact survey	3914	Mediation prescribed, average cost and perceptions
87	Adams et al 38	Evaluation: feasibility of an antidepressant dosing tool	To task shift depression management to an HIV clinic	Treatment algorithm to determine antidepressant dose	None	Tanzania	HIV clinic, northern hospital	20 depressed patients (1 moved out, 2 lost to follow-up) and their healthcare providers	17	Patient Health Questionnaire-9 Item Score
47	Praveen et al 47	Evaluation: clinical and survey data and in-depth interviews	To develop and evaluate a clinical decision support system	Mobile-based system for cardiovascular disease	None	India	3 health centres; Andhra Pradesh	3 primary health centre physicians	3	Use of tool, confidence in prescribing
121	Catalani et al 36	Evaluation: site observations, key informant interviews, lab simulation and usability testing	To develop, implement and evaluate the system using a human-centred design	Patient-specific clinical decision support system for tuberculosis treatment	None	Kenya	24 rural clinics in the West	24 key informants (medical superintendents, clinicians, Ministry of Health officials, laboratory managers, pharmacy managers, medical directors, TB care providers, administrators and programme managers, data quality workers and community health workers); 217 pseudopatients; 9 clinicians	250	Perceptions on use
124	Bessat et al 34	Evaluation of implementation	To investigate clinician insights on the tool	Electronic version of Integrated Management of Childhood Illness	None	Burkina Faso	10 primary care facilities	21 health workers	21	Perception of its medical content, usability

TB, tuberculosis.