Table 4.
Association between prefrailty, frailty and instrumental activities of daily living limitations: unadjusted, age-adjusted and sex-adjusted and multivariable-adjusted zero-inflated Poisson regression results
| Models | Logistic section, OR (95% CI)* | Poisson section, RR (95% CI)† | ||
| Frailty | Prefrailty | Frailty | Prefrailty | |
| Model 1: unadjusted | 0.06 (0.02 to 0.24) | 0.47 (0.18 to 1.21) | 5.93 (2.99 to 11.75) | 1.81 (0.87 to 3.74) |
| Model 2: model 1+sex and age | 0.10 (0.02 to 0.47) | 0.44 (0.15 to 1.31) | 3.92 (2.21 to 6.95) | 1.29 (0.73 to 2.30) |
| Model 3: model 2+longest held occupation | 0.11 (0.02 to 0.56) | 0.46 (0.16 to 1.32) | 3.94 (2.11 to 7.36) | 1.30 (0.70 to 2.43) |
| Model 4: model 3+social support | 0.13 (0.02 to 0.79) | 0.49 (0.15 to 1.63) | 4.35 (2.31 to 8.22) | 1.36 (0.73 to 2.53) |
| Model 5: model 4+multimorbidity | 0.12 (0.02 to 0.69) | 0.44 (0.14 to 1.40) | 4.21 (2.26 to 7.83) | 1.30 (0.71 to 2.39) |
| Model 6: model 5+self-perceived vision ability | 0.11 (0.02 to 0.68) | 0.34 (0.05 to 2.25) | 4.13 (2.25 to 7.59) | 1.22 (0.68 to 2.20) |
| Model 7: model 6+self-perceived hearing ability | 0.11 (0.02 to 0.59) | 0.33 (0.06 to 1.84) | 4.16 (2.27 to 7.60) | 1.21 (0.67 to 2.16) |
Statistically significant estimates (at the 5% level) are displayed in bold.
*Logistic section of the regression model estimates the log-odds of belonging to the ‘sure-zero’/‘not-at-risk’ class.
†Poisson section of the regression model estimates the count of IADL limitations for those estimated to belong to the ‘non-sure zero’/‘at risk’ latent class.
OR, odds ratio; RR, rate ratio.