. 2020 Mar 25;10(3):e035831. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-035831

Table 3.

Difference in recognition of importance of participation, extent of willingness to participate and experience of participation by general characteristics (n=492)

Sociodemographic characteristics	Subgroup	N (%)	Recognition of importance		Extent of willingness		Experience of participation
Sociodemographic characteristics	Subgroup	N (%)	M±SD	t or F(p)	M±SD	t or F(p)	M±SD	t or F(p)
Age group	19–29	270 (54.9)	3.25±0.51	1.23 (0.297)	2.58±0.51	1.28 (0.281)	2.10±0.63	1.45 (0.227)
	30–39	123 (25.0)	3.33±0.50		2.66±0.52		2.11±0.59
	40–49	57 (11.6)	3.29±0.43		2.69±0.52		2.25±0.65
	50–	42 (8.5)	3.16±0.65		2.67±0.59		2.25±0.73
Gender	Female	368 (74.8)	3.32±0.51	−3.53 (<0.001)	2.64±0.52	−1.72 (0.086)	2.18±0.64	−2.49 (0.013)
Gender	Male	124 (25.2)	3.13±0.51		2.55±0.52	−1.72 (0.086)	2.01±0.59	−2.49 (0.013)
Educational level	High school diploma or below	119 (24.2)	3.18±0.53	−2.27 (0.024)	2.53±0.50	−2.19 (0.029)	2.05±0.58	−1.80 (0.074)
Educational level	Bachelor’s degree or above	373 (75.8)	3.30±0.50		2.65±0.53	−2.19 (0.029)	2.16±0.65	−1.80 (0.074)
Marital status	Single	310 (63.0)	3.26±0.50	0.05 (0.948)	2.59±0.51	2.05 (0.130)	2.10±0.62	1.98 (0.139)
	Married	176 (35.8)	3.28±0.54		2.68±0.54		2.21±0.65
	Divorced and bereaved	6 (1.2)	3.27±0.30		2.37±0.42		1.96±0.63
Monthly income (Korean won)	–<850 000	174 (35.4)	3.23±0.51	0.82 (0.570)	2.61±0.51	0.77 (0.616)	2.10±0.62	0.53 (0.811)
	850 000 to <1 500 000	51 (10.3)	3.22±0.63		2.49±0.53		2.09±0.63
	1 500 000 to <2 500 000	91 (18.5)	3.31±0.52		2.66±0.53		2.19±0.68
	2 500 000 to <3 500 000	77 (15.7)	3.31±0.47		2.63±0.53		2.15±0.62
	3 500 000 to <4 500 000	43 (8.7)	3.39±0.43		2.72±0.51		2.18±0.64
	4 500 000 to <5 500 000	23 (4.7)	3.21±0.43		2.62±0.50		2.01±0.40
	5 500 000 to <6 500 000	7 (1.4)	3.13±0.61		2.53±0.65		2.07±0.86
	6 500 000–	26 (5.3)	3.23±0.50		2.63±0.58		2.26±0.71
Types of medical institutions frequently visited	Clinic or public health centre	343 (69.7)	3.27±0.50	1.02 (0.384)	2.60±0.51	1.41 (0.240)	2.06±0.60	5.12 (0.002)
	Hospital	68 (13.8)	3.19±0.59		2.59±0.57		2.27±0.71
	General or advanced general hospital	79 (16.1)	3.32±0.48		2.73±0.53		2.32±0.64
	Others	2 (0.4)	3.54±0.54		2.38±0.33		2.46±0.76
Number of visits to medical institutions	–<5	165 (33.5)	3.26±0.43	0.55 (0.738)	2.61±0.55	0.86 (0.509)	2.08±0.66	1.88 (0.096)
	5 to <10	176 (35.8)	3.26±0.53		2.60±0.49		2.10±0.61
	10 to <15	80 (16.3)	3.23±0.57		2.62±0.57		2.20±0.62
	15 to <20	40 (8.1)	3.39±0.59		2.67±0.46		2.20±0.56
	20 to <25	15 (3.0)	3.26±0.69		2.86±0.52		2.23±0.82
	25–	16 (3.3)	3.30±0.37		2.69±0.42		2.51±0.48
Types of accompanying caregivers	Alone	414 (84.1)	3.25±0.52	1.09 (0.362)	2.59±0.52	2.45 (0.045)	2.09±0.63	3.29 (0.011)
	Spouse	19 (3.9)	3.35±0.55		2.81±0.54		2.47±0.61
	Children	23 (4.7)	3.45±0.40		2.88±0.52		2.32±0.61
	Parents	31 (6.3)	3.27±0.51		2.68±0.48		2.31±0.57
	Others	5 (1.0)	3.45±0.48		2.72±0.41		2.46±0.62
Experience of patient safety incidents	No	320 (65.0)	3.24±0.53	−1.88 (0.061)	2.58±0.54	−2.19 (0.029)	2.07±0.62	−3.34 (0.001)
Experience of patient safety incidents	Yes	172 (35.0)	3.33±0.48		2.69±0.49	−2.19 (0.029)	2.26±0.63	−3.34 (0.001)