Table 1.
Baseline characteristics between patients with and without left ventricular ejection fraction recovery using both matched and unmatched groups.
| No Recovery† (N=1471) | No Recovery‡ (N=399, Matched) | Recovery (N=399) | P-value (std.)† | P-value (std.)‡ | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patient age, years | 62 (53, 70) | 62 (52, 68) | 60 (50, 68) | 0.028 (0.13) | 0.886 (0.02) |
| Male sex | 1177 (80.0%) | 289 (72.4%) | 289 (72.4%) | 0.001 (0.18) | 0.750 (0.02) |
| Race | 0.751 (0.08) | 0.948 (<0.01) | |||
| White | 1059 (72.0%) | 283 (70.9%) | 284 (71.2%) | ||
| Black, not Hispanic | 319 (21.7%) | 89 (22.3%) | 88 (22.1%) | ||
| Hispanic | 71 (4.8%) | 20 (5.0%) | 18 (4.5%) | ||
| Other | 22 (1.5%) | 7 (1.8%) | 9 (2.3%) | ||
| Baseline EF, percentage | 22 (17, 27) | 28 (24, 32) | 30 (25, 33) | <0.001 (1.00) | <0.001 (0.23) |
| HF Duration, months | 37 (15, 72) | 27 (10, 60) | 17 (4, 50) | <0.001 (0.34) | <0.001 (0.18) |
| Atrial fibrillation or flutter | 344 (23.4%) | 91 (22.8%) | 88 (22.1%) | 0.576 (0.03) | 0.799 (0.02) |
| History of Diabetes | 533 (36.2%) | 150 (37.6%) | 142 (35.6%) | 0.812 (0.01) | 0.557 (0.04) |
| History of Hypertension | 822 (55.9%) | 223 (55.9%) | 251 (62.9%) | 0.012 (0.14) | 0.044 (0.14) |
| CAD etiology | 907 (61.7%) | 187 (46.9%) | 157 (39.3%) | <0.001 (0.46) | 0.032 (0.15) |
| **Other Etiologies | n=575 | n=214 | n=246 | ||
| Drug induced etiology | 13 (2.3%) | 4 (1.9%) | 7 (2.8%) | 0.619 (0.04) | 0.494 (0.06) |
| Alcoholic cardiomyopathy | 80 (13.9%) | 21 (9.8%) | 36 (14.6%) | 0.786 (0.02) | 0.118 (0.15) |
| Hypertension induced | 127 (22.1%) | 53 (24.8%) | 68 (27.6%) | 0.087 (0.13) | 0.485 (0.07) |
| Viral etiology | 39 (6.8%) | 12 (5.6%) | 18 (7.3%) | 0.783 (0.02) | 0.459 (0.07) |
| Idiopathic etiology | 386 (67.1%) | 149 (69.6%) | 153 (62.2%) | 0.173 (0.10) | 0.094 (0.16) |
| Familial etiology | 19 (3.3%) | 6 (2.8%) | 13 (5.3%) | 0.179 (0.10) | 0.182 (0.13) |
| BUN, mg/dL | 20 (15, 27) | 18 (14, 25) | 18 (14, 25) | 0.003 (0.19) | 0.921 (0.05) |
| Creatinine, mg/dL | 1.1 (1.0, 1.4) | 1.1 (0.9, 1.4) | 1.1 (0.9, 1.3) | 0.004 (0.15) | 0.515 (0.06) |
| Hemoglobin, g/dL | 14.2 (13.0, 15.2) | 14.2 (13.0, 15.3) | 14.1 (13.0, 15.1) | 0.391 (0.03) | 0.515 (0.02) |
| Potassium, mEq/L | 4.3 (4.0, 4.6) | 4.3 (4.0, 4.6) | 4.2 (4.0, 4.6) | 0.349 (0.03) | 0.712 (<0.01) |
| Sodium, mEq/L | 139 (137, 141) | 139 (137, 141) | 139 (137, 141) | 0.178 (0.08) | 0.443 (0.05) |
| **PNE level | n=1160 | n=311 | n=310 | 0.022 (0.16) | 0.827 (0.02) |
| 410 (293, 598) | 387 (270, 536) | 398 (270, 548) | |||
| BMI, kg/m2 | 27.2 (24.0, 31.2) | 27.6 (24.4, 31.9) | 28.5 (24.2, 33.2) | 0.004 (0.16) | 0.313 (0.05) |
| Systolic BP, mmHg | 115 (104, 130) | 120 (110, 140) | 126 (112, 140) | <0.001 (0.53) | 0.037 (0.15) |
| Diastolic BP, mmHg | 70 (64, 80) | 73 (68, 80) | 76 (68, 84) | <0.001 (0.36) | 0.138 (0.11) |
| JVD at 30 degrees | 671 (45.7%) | 168 (42.1%) | 159 (40.1%) | 0.045 (0.11) | 0.571 (0.05) |
| Conduction LBBB | 398 (27.1%) | 82 (20.6%) | 72 (18.1%) | <0.001 (0.22) | 0.370 (0.06) |
| Baseline QRS, msec | 120 (100, 160) | 110 (100, 140) | 100 (90, 120) | <0.001 (0.54) | 0.021 (0.14) |
| Treatment = Bucindolol | 693 (47.1%) | 221 (55.4%) | 252 (63.2%) | <0.001 (0.33) | 0.026 (0.16) |
Note: Data reported as median (25th, 75th percentiles) or count (percentage). EF = ejection fraction; HF = heart failure; CAD = coronary artery disease; BUN = blood urea nitrogen; PNE = plasma norepinephrine; BMI = body mass index; BP =blood pressure; JVD = jugular venous distention; LBBB = left bundle branch block.
**
Variables not used for propensity matching due to missing values.
†
P-value and standardized difference (std.) comparing the recovery and unmatched no recovery groups (all patients).
‡
P-value and standardized difference (std.) comparing the recovery and propensity matched no recovery groups.