Table 3.

Multifunction of the PDA-modified nanoparticle drug carrier working as a drug system.

Function of the drug system	Contributing portion	Classes of the portion	Representative agents	Reference
Targeting	Nanoparticle	Nanoparticle	Fe3O4 nanoparticles	[54]
	Loading “drug”	Ligand	RGD peptides	[48]
			Antibodies	[105,106]
			Folic acid	[37,48,65,107,108]
			TPP	[54]
Imaging	Nanoparticle	Nanoparticle	Au nanostructure	[50]
	Loading “drug”	Radionuclide	125I	[48]
		Metal ion	Cu2+	[50]
			Mn2+	[63]
			Bi2Se3	[69]
		Fluorochrome	Cy5-SE	[109]
		Photosensitizer	Indocyanine green	[32]
Chemical treatment (CT)	Nanoparticle	Nanoparticle	Au nanostructure	[82]
	Loading “drug”	Chemotherapeutics	DOX	[54,56,69,74,96,99]
			Cisplatin	[48,53]
		Metal ion	Cu2+	[50]
			Ag+	[70,76,78,109]
		Antibiotic	Daptomycin	[105]
			Doxycycline	[44]
		Gas molecular	NO	[52]
		Protein	Lysozyme	[57]
Photodynamic therapy (PDT)	Loading “drug”	Photosensitizer	Ce6	[56]
		Organic compound	Methylene blue	[102]
Photothermal therapy (PTT)	Nanoparticle	Nanoparticle	Au nanostructure	[109,110]
		Nanosheet	Black phosphorus	[111]
	Loading “drug”	Organic compound	2-phenylethynesulfonamide	[112]
	PDA modification	Organic compound	PDA	[82,105,110]
Immunotherapy	Loading “drug”	Antigen	HbsAg	[83]
		Ligand	CpG	[66,83]
Gene therapy	Loading “drug”	Nucleic acid	small interfering RNA	[84,111]
			hairpin DNA	[68]
Bone regeneration	Nanoparticle	Nanoparticle	HAp	[82,113]
	Loading “drug”	Protein	BMP-2	[94,114]
	PDA modification	Organic compound	PDA	[44]
Anti-inflammatory/Antioxidant	Loading “drug”	Glucocorticoid	DEX	[59]
		Flavonoids	Tanshinone IIA	[93]
			Hesperetin	[115]
	PDA modification	Organic compound	PDA	[[116], [117], [118]]

DEX, Dexamethasone sodium phosphate; O, Nitric oxide; ICG, indocyanine green.