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. 2020 Mar 9;57(5):2461–2478. doi: 10.1007/s12035-020-01892-8

Table 3.

The list of clinical trials of VEGF/VEGFR targeting therapeutic targets/agents in GBM patients

Agent/inhibitor Angiogenic targets Phase Tumor type Combination Reference
Aflibercept VEGF-A/B, PIGF I rGBM, newly diagnosed GBM, MG With TMZ and XRT http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
Bevacizumab VEGF-A I/II/III rGBM With various combinations [135, 136, 180]
AEE788 VEGFR1-R2 I/II rGBM http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
EGFR I/II rGBM With Everolimus http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
Cediranib VEGFR1 to R3 I/II Newly diagnosed GBM With TMZ and XRT [163]
PDGFR-β, c-Kit III rGBM Versus Lomustine (randomized trial) http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
Pazopanib (GW786034) VEGFR1-R3 II rGBM http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
PDGFR-β, c-Kit II rGBM With Lapanitib http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
I rGBM With Lapanitib http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
Sorafenib VEGFR2-R3 I/II rGBM, newly diagnosed GBM With Erlotinib http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
BRAF, PDGFR-β, c-Kit, Ras, p38α I/II rGBM, newly diagnosed GBM With Erlotinib, Tipifarnib, or Temsirolimus http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
I/II rGBM With Temsirolimus http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
Sunitinib VEGFR2, PDGFR-β I rGBM, rMG With Irinotecan http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
Flt-3, c-Kit II rMG http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
Vandetanib (ZD6474, Zactima®) VEGFR2, EGFR I/II Newly diagnosed GBM With TMZ and XRT http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
RET I rMG With Imatinib and Hydroxyurea http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
Vatalanib (PTK787) VEGFR1-R3 I Newly diagnosed GBM With TMZ and XRT [181]
PDGFR-β and c-Kit I/II Newly diagnosed GBM With TMZ and XRT with or without Vatalanib (randomized trial) http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
Dastinib PDGFR-β, Src, BCR-ABL, I rMG With Erlotinib http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
c-Kit, EphA2 II rGBM http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
Imatinib PDGFR-β, BCR-ABL, c-Kit I rMG With Everolimus and Hydroxyurea http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
Tandutinib (MLN518) PDGFR-β, c-Kit, Flt-3 I/II rGBM http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
II rMG With Bevacizumab http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
Panzem® (2ME2) HIF-1A II rGBM With TMZ schedule http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
II rGBM http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
Metronomic TMZ Endothelial progenitor cells, endothelial cells II Newly diagnosed GBM

With gliadel wafer, TMZ, and XRT

With Retinoic acid (TMZ with Retinoic acid)

http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
Celecoxib COX-2 II GBM with XRT With Celecoxib, Thalidomide, and Isotretinoin http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
II rMG Capecitabine, 6-thioguanine with TMZ or Lomustine http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
Cilengitide Integrins ανβ3 and ανβ5 I/II Newly diagnosed GBM With TMZ and XRT http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
III Newly diagnosed GBM With TMZ and XRT http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
I/II rMG With monotherapy (several clinical trials) http://www.clinicaltrials.gov

COX-2 cyclo-oxygenase-2, EGFR epithelial growth factor receptor, EIAEDs enzyme-inducing anti-epileptic drug, VEGF vascular endothelial growth factor, VEGFR vascular endothelial growth factor receptor, PDGFR platelet endothelial growth factor receptor, HIF1A hypoxia-inducible growth factor 1 alpha, PIGF placental growth factor, rGBM recurrent GBM, rMG recurrent malignant glioma, XRT radiation therapy