Table 3.
Regular use of opioid analgesics in relation to pain reporting.
| Opioid Use No, n (%) | Opioid Use Yes, n (%) | Adjusted RR1,2 (99% CI) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chronic pain | No | 259,318 (98.8) | 3271 (1.2) | 1 [Reference] |
| Yes | 179,367 (88.9) | 22,460 (11.1) | 6.69 (6.38–7.02) | |
| Number of pain sites | 0 | 181,619 (99.0) | 1797 (1.0) | 1 [Reference} |
| 1 | 123,042 (96.2) | 4925 (3.8) | 3.72 (3.47–4.00) | |
| 2 | 71,910 (92.9) | 5468 (7.1) | 6.27 (5.85–6.72) | |
| 3 | 35,369 (87.1) | 5225 (12.9) | 10.14 (9.46–10.87) | |
| 4 | 14,521 (81.0) | 3396 (19.0) | 13.32 (12.38–14.33) | |
| 5 | 5044 (74.3) | 1748 (25.7) | 15.84 (14.59–17.20) | |
| 6 | 1387 (69.7) | 604 (30.3) | 17.60 (15.81–19.60) | |
| 7 or all over | 5793 (69.3) | 2568 (30.7) | 16.66 (15.42–17.99) |
1
Risk Ratio.
2
Adjusted for age, gender, ethnicity, region, primary employment, age completed education, deprivation, and income.