FIG 3.

Multiple autophagy adaptors were recruited to PVs in IFN-γ-stimulated HeLa cells. (A and B) HeLa cells were transfected with HA-p62, HA-NDP52, HA-OPTN, or HA-NBR1. Cells were left unactivated or were activated with IFN-γ for 24 h, infected with parasites (MOI = 10), and harvested at 6 h postinfection. Infected cells were stained with primary antibodies against GRA7 and the hemagglutinin (HA) tag, followed by secondary antibodies conjugated to either Alexa Fluor 594 (red) or 488 (green). The average number of vacuoles was determined from at least 100 vacuoles on three individual coverslips. Values are the mean ± SD of two independent experiments, and statistical analysis was done by t tests; ns, not significant; ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001.