Table 2.
Mean Change in Withdrawal and Control Symptoms With Abstinence
| Vaping | Abstinent | Increase | t value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | Mean | Mean | ||
| Withdrawal (0–3) | ||||
| Mean | 0.16 | 0.57 | 0.41 | 6.5*** |
| Angry, irritable | 0.21 | 0.88 | 0.67 | 6.1*** |
| Anxious, nervous | 0.14 | 0.59 | 0.45 | 4.1*** |
| Increased appetite | 0.13 | 0.62 | 0.49 | 5.1*** |
| Difficulty concentrating | 0.10 | 0.52 | 0.41 | 4.6*** |
| Depressed, sad | 0.08 | 0.28 | 0.21 | 3.6*** |
| Insomnia | 0.26 | 0.38 | 0.12 | 2.1* |
| Restlessness | 0.17 | 0.71 | 0.53 | 5.1*** |
| Craving (0–5) | ||||
| E-Cig craving | ||||
| How much of time urge | 1.97 | 2.47 | 0.49 | 3.7*** |
| How strong urge | 1.94 | 2.62 | 0.68 | 4.9*** |
| Tobacco cigarette craving | ||||
| How much of time urge | 0.11 | 0.40 | 0.28 | 2.7* |
| How strong urge | 0.08 | 0.38 | 0.30 | 2.9** |
| Potential withdrawal items (0–3) | ||||
| Impatient, impulsive | 0.10 | 0.57 | 0.47 | 4.5*** |
| Less enjoy pleasant events | 0.03 | 0.31 | 0.28 | 3.1** |
| Less positive outlook | 0.04 | 0.27 | 0.22 | 2.7** |
| Mood swings | 0.05 | 0.41 | 0.36 | 3.9*** |
| Control items (0–3) | ||||
| Diarrhea | 0.04 | 0.07 | 0.03 | 0.6 |
| Headache | 0.19 | 0.33 | 0.14 | 1.9 |
| Tremors | 0.00 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 3.4** |
*p < .05, **p < .01, ***p < .001.