Table 4.
Correlates of Awareness of Chemicals in Cigarette Smoke (Adjusted Models, Wave 1 and 2 Combined)
| Adolescents (n = 1674) | Adults (n = 8379) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| % | aOR (95% CI) | % | aOR (95% CI) | |
| Chemical characteristics | ||||
| Chemical name starts with number | ||||
| No | 28.0 | Ref | 28.2 | Ref |
| Yes | 10.7 | 0.27 (0.21 to 0.34)** | 10.3 | 0.28 (0.24 to 0.33)** |
| Chemical name ends with | ||||
| “ene” or “ine” | 25.3 | Ref | 25.2 | Ref |
| “ide” or “yde” | 31.1 | 0.96 (0.81 to 1.14) | 36.0 | 1.35 (1.21 to 1.51)** |
| Other | 21.1 | 0.74 (0.63 to 0.86)** | 18.5 | 0.55 (0.49 to 0.61)** |
| Chemical name length | 1.03 (1.00 to 1.05)* | 1.00 (0.99 to 1.02) | ||
| Person characteristics | ||||
| Sought information about chemicals in cigarette smoke | ||||
| No | — | — | 20.4 | Ref |
| Yes | — | — | 36.4 | 2.12 (1.89 to 2.36)** |
| Campaign awareness | ||||
| No | 15.1 | Ref | 23.1 | Ref |
| Yes | 25.5 | 1.78 (1.08 to 2.93)* | 28.2 | 1.24 (1.11 to 1.39)** |
| Smoking status | ||||
| Nonsmoker | 25.0 | Ref | 25.2 | Ref |
| Smoker | 27.6 | 1.01 (0.72 to 1.43) | 25.3 | 0.90 (0.78 to 1.03) |
| Age (y) | 1.11 (1.06 to 1.18)** | 0.99 (0.99-0.99)** | ||
| Sex | ||||
| Female | 25.6 | Ref | 23.5 | Ref |
| Male | 24.7 | 0.93 (0.80 to 1.07) | 27.0 | 1.21 (1.09 to 1.36)* |
| Gay, lesbian, or bisexual | ||||
| No | 25.4 | Ref | 25.3 | Ref |
| Yes | 22.8 | 0.89 (0.62 to 1.27 | 26.6 | 0.93 (0.74 to 1.17) |
| Race | ||||
| Other | 20.2 | Ref | 23.5 | Ref |
| White | 26.9 | 1.48 (1.22 to 1.79)* | 25.9 | 1.17 (1.03 to 1.32)* |
| Hispanic | ||||
| No | 25.3 | Ref | 25.7 | Ref |
| Yes | 22.6 | 0.95 (0.70 to 1.28) | 22.7 | 0.83 (0.67 to 1.03) |
| Attended college | ||||
| No | 25.2 | Ref | 22.0 | Ref |
| Yes | 26.5 | 1.04 (0.86 to 1.27) | 27.2 | 1.19 (1.04 to 1.36)* |
| Numeracy | ||||
| Low | 21.9 | Ref | 22.0 | Ref |
| High | 26.2 | 1.13 (0.95 to 1.35) | 26.7 | 1.14 (1.01 to 1.29)* |
| Appalachia resident | ||||
| No | 24.7 | Ref | 25.6 | Ref |
| Yes | 26.8 | 1.12 (0.91 to 1.37) | 23.3 | 0.91 (0.77 to 1.08) |
| Time | ||||
| 2014–2015 (wave 1) | 27.9 | Ref | 24.9 | Ref |
| 2016–2017 (wave 2) | 21.7 | 0.73 (0.63 to 0.86)* | 25.7 | 0.96 (0.86 to 1.08) |
Percentages are weighted and indicate the proportion of people who reported awareness of chemicals. Surveys did not assess seeking information about chemicals among adolescents. For adolescents, attended college is based on mother’s highest level of education, smoking status is defined as having smoked during at least one of the past 30 days, and sexual orientation is sexual attraction to people of the same sex. Intraclass correlation for adolescents = 0.34, 95% CI = 0.27 to 0.41; Intraclass correlation for adults = 0.42, 95% CI = 0.33 to 0.49. aOR = adjusted odds ratio; Ref = reference group.
*p < .05, **p < .001.