Table 8.

Tumour-suppressor genes and proteins in cancer of unknown primary site

n	Method	Findings	Reference
40	IHC	P53; expression 70%, overexpression 53%	50
200	Genomic profiling Illumina HiSeq2500 instrument	Genomic alteration of TP53; 55%, BRCA2; 6%, PTEN; 7%	44
23	PCR-SSCP	Exon 5-9 P53 gene mutations; 26%	52
100	IHC	Expression of PTEN; 60%, and Akt; 85%	57
8	Genomic testing	BRCA1 mutation carrier (RR* = 3.45, 95% CI = 2.35-5.07, P < 0.001)	59
4	An institutional review board-approved study (genomic testing)	Mutation of BRCA1, 50% and BRCA2, 50%	60
50	PCR-SSCP	One case with Kiss-1 Exon 4a, 242C>G mutation (P81R)	64

^*RR = relative risk, PCR-SSCP= PCR- single-strand conformation polymorphism, IHC=Immunohistochemistry.

n=number of patients