Table 1.
Clinical, laboratorial, pathological, immunohistochemical, treatment and outcomes of HCO.
| Case | Age | Site/size (cm) | Stage | Afp ng/ml | Ca125 U/ml | Ich | Surgery | Resection | Post op. treatment | Dissease control | Outcome | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 42 | L 6.4; R 5.4 | IIB | NA | NA | AFP+/AAT+/ALB+/ACT+ | TAH + BSO + AP | R0 | Ch-RT | Relapse: 4 years - carcinomatosis | Died (5 years) | Ishikura and Scully (1987) |
| 2 | 71 | L 20 | IIIC | NA | NA | AFP+/AAT+/ALB+/ACT+ | PC + TAH + BSO + AP + Om | R1 | RT | Persistence: 3 months post op, parasigmoid tumor | Alive (2 years) | Ishikura and Scully (1987) |
| 3 | 57 | R 10.5 | IIIC | NA | NA | AFP+/AAT +/ALB+/ACT+ | TAH + BSO + Om + PARASPLENIC RESECTION | R1 | NA | Persistence: 3 months post op, lower abdomen tumor | Died (4 months) | Ishikura and Scully (1987) |
| 4 | 78 | NA | IIIC | 2420 (post op) | NA | AFP+/AAT +/ALB+/ACT+ | BSO + COLECTOMY + POm | R0 | MFL | Persistence: 4 months post op, tumor in left lobe of the liver | Died (8 months) | Ishikura and Scully (1987) |
| 5 | 68 | R 10 | III | NA | NA | AFP+/AAT +/ALB+/ACT+ | BSO + COLECTOMY + POm | R1 | Ch-RT | Relapse: months, lesions at pancreas, liver, stomach, small bowel, abdominal lymph nodes, and spleen. | Died (10 months) | Ishikura and Scully (1987) |
| 6 | 64 | R 18 | IA | 23,170 | 58 | AFP+ | R-SO | R0 | IP- CDDP | No progression during follow up period | Alive (2 years) | Matsuta et al. (1991) |
| 7 | 62 | R 8.2 | IA | 2450 | NA | NA | NA | NA | B/VLB/CDDP; CDDP/E; CTX/MMC/5-FU | NA | Died (13 months) | Tamakoshi et al. (1993) |
| 8 | 52 | NA | III | 2500 | Elevated | NA | NA | NA | CBDP/CTX/CDDP | Relapse | Recurred (7 months) | Badreddine et al. (1993) |
| 9 | 43 | L 7; r 8 | IIIC | 74 | 158 | CEA+/ALB+/EMA+/AFP + | BSO + ATH + Om + RL | NA | CDDP/EPIDX/IFX | No progression during follow up period | Alive (2 years) | Nishida et al. (1995) |
| 10 | 72 | L 9.5; r 5.5 | III | 500 (postop) | 802 | AFP + | ATH + BSO + RIGHT HEMICOLECTOMY + IOm | R0 | CBDP | Relapse: 5 months, clinical and biochemical | Recurred (6 months) | Scurry et al. (1996) |
| 11 | 35 | L 35 | IIIA | 358 | NORMAL | AFP+ | L-SO + OMENTAL BIOPSY + ATH + R-SO + IOm | R0 | CTX/CDDP/CBDP/E, PCTXL | Relapse: 18 months, tumor at pelvis, lower abdomen, liver metastases | Recurred/died (18/22 months) | Maymon et al. (1998) |
| 12 | 53 | L 9; R 8 | III | NA | 250 | NA | DS | NA | CDDP/CTX | Relapse | Alive (12 months) | Trivedi et al. (1998) |
| 13 | 61 | L 12 | III | 73,080 | 79.7 | AFP+/CK7+/AAT+/ACT+ | ATH + L-SO + POm | R0 | IP CDDP; CDDP/5-FU/E | Relapse: 5 months laboratorial, 7 months paraesplenic mass and intraperitoneal tumor | Died (20 months) | Senzaki et al. (1999) |
| 14 | 64 | R 23 | IIIC | 900 | 52.7 | AFP+ | ATH + BSO + BPL + Om + SEGMENTAL RESECTION OF SMALL BOWL | R0 | CDDP/CTX; CDDP/PCTXL/RT; CDDP/PCTXL | Relapse: 18 months, lesion in the mid‐line of the retroperitoneum. 2 years, paraaortic mass | Recurred/died (18/5 years) | Lee et al. (2002) |
| 15 | 36 | L 10 | IIIC | NA | 888 | AFP+/CEA+/AAT+ | ATH + BSO + BPL + Pao NODE BIOPSY + Om | R0 | NA | NA | NA | Watanabe et al. (2003) |
| 16 | 69 | L 12 | IA | 589.5 | 11 | AFP+/CEA+/ALB+ | L-SO | R0 | Patient declined | NA | NA | Tochigi et al. (2003) |
| 17 | 53 | L 10 | IIB | 257,522 | NORMAL | AFP+/CEA+/ALB+ | NA | R0 | CBDP/PCTXL | No progression during follow up period | Alive (13 months) | Tochigi et al. (2003) |
| 18 | 76 | L 16 | IIB | 24,000 | NA | AFP+/CEA+/ALB+ | ATH + BSO + PARTIAL COLECTOMY | R0 | None | No progression during follow up period | Alive (4 years) | Tochigi et al. (2003) |
| 19 | 57 | R 13 | NA | 24,879 | NA | NA | ATH + BSO + Om | NA | NA | No progression during follow up period | Alive (3 years) | Tsung and yang (2004) |
| 20 | 63 | R 16 | IA | 454 | 84.59 | AFP+/CK7+/CEA+/ACT+ | ATH + BSO + POm | R0 | CDDP/CTX | No progression during follow up period | Alive (7 months) | Yigit et al. (2006) |
| 21 | 40 | R 11 | III | 32,338 | 1297 | AFP+/CK7/CK8/CK18 | DS | Nd | ChT | No progression during follow up period | Alive (6 months) | Kwon et al. (2006) |
| 22 | 42 | R 17 | IA | 600 (postop) | ND | AFP+/AAT+ | ATH + BSO + BPL + AP + IOm | R0 | CBDP/PCTXL | Relapse: 6 months, pulmonary metastatic tumor | Died (16 months) | Lazaro et al. (2007) |
| 23 | 50 | L 10; R 8 | IIIC | 1.7 | 538 | AFP+/CK+/EMA+/CK-7+ | ATH + BSO + Om + Tumor excision from the pelvis and ileostomy | R2 | CDDP/PCTXL; CDDP/GMZ; DXR | Progress | Died (2 years) | Ozan et al. (2008) |
| 24 | 65 | R 12 | III | 329,732 | 401.9 | NA | ATH + BSO + Om | R1 | CDDP/PCTXL | No progression during follow up period | NA | Gonzalez et al. (2008) |
| 25 | 42 | L 11 | ND | ND | 70 | NA | ATH + BSO + Om | R0 | NA | NA | NA | Zizi-Sermpetzoglou et al. (2009) |
| 26 | 59 | L 18 | III | 73,687 | 1599 | AFP +/CK+/CEA+ | ATH + BSO + POm + Low anterior resection of rectum | R0 | BEP | NA | NA | Isonishi et al. (2009) |
| 27 | 34 | R 14 | IIA | NORMAL | NORMAL | NA | DS | NA | ChT | NA | NA | Sun et al. (2009) |
| 28 | 42 | L 6 | I | NA | NA | AFP+/CK7+/HEP PAR1+/AAT+/CEA-/INH-/CALRET-/ER-/PR - | L-SO/ATH + R-SO + AP + Om | R0 | Ch-RT following recurrence | Relapse: 2008, alive at follow up with local progression | NA | D’antonio et al. (2010) |
| 29 | 46 | L 4.5; R 6.5 | III | greater than30,000 | 414 | CD99+/INH+/CALRET+/HepPar1-/AFP-/EMA- | ATH + BSO + Om + BPL + DAF | R1 | CBP/PCTXL- SORAFENIB | Relapse: 1 month, retroperitoneal and pelvic lymphadenopathy | NA | Pandey and Truica (2011) |
| 30 | 55 | L 11 | IIIC | 248.84 | 168 | AFP+/HepPar1+/INH-/CALRET-/S100-/SYNAPTO- | ATH + BSO + Om + DAF | R1 | IP nitrogen mustard; DCTXL/NEDAPLATIN | Persistence abdominal disease | Alive (10 months) | Liu et al. (2012) |
| 31 | 53 | L 7; R9 | IIIC | 397 | 1247 | AFP+ (FOCAL)/CK7+/INH+ (FOCAL)/P53+/CA125-/PLAP-/HepPar 1-/CEA-/EMA- | ATH + BSO + COm + RDP + PP + AP | R0 | HYPER ChT/CBP/PCTXL- Relapse: RT | Relapse: metastasis in the L2 vertebra | Alive (28 months) | Campos et al. (2013) |
| 32 | 57 | NA 12 | IIIC | 761 | 124 | AFP+/INH-/ER-/PR-/PLAP- | BILATERAL ADNEXA DISSECTION + Om + DISSECTION OF METASTATIC NODULES ON THE MESENTERY + DAF | R0 | CBP/PCTXL | No progression during follow up period. | Alive (15 months) | Wang et al. (2013) |
| 33 | 51 | R 9; l 8 | IVB | 2.2 | 37 | AFP-/HepPar1-/ER-/WT1-/P53+/P16+ | ATH + BSO + AP + TUMORECTOMY OF SIGMOID COLON | R2 | 1° line: CBP/PCTXL-2° line: DCTXL | Progress: Left SC LP +, carcinomatosis, metastatic LN at retroperitoneum, bilateral iliac chain and retrocrural area. Abdominal mass, pleural effusion. | Died (6 months) | Sung et al. (2013) |
| 34 | 73 | L 24 | IIIC | 2396 (postop) | NA | AFP+/CK7+/HepPar1+(FOCAL)/SALL 4+/ARGINASE + CALRET– | ATH + BSO + PARTIAL SMALL BOWEL RESECTION | R0 | CBP/PCTXL | Progress: 7 weeks nodular mass in right upper quadrant, mass in the left side of the pelvis. | Alive (26 months) | Randolph et al. (2015) |
| 35 | 78 | R 9.9, L 4 | IVB | 150 | 100 | AFP-/CK7-/HepPar1+/INH-/CALRET-/S100 -/SYNAPTO-/EMA- | EXPLORATORY LAPAROSCOPY: PERITONEAL CARCINOMATOSIS | None | CBP/PCTXL | Progress: 1 month. Eight dorsal vertebra and pulmonar metastasic disease | Died (1 month) | Mazouz et al. (2015) |
| 36 | 47 | NA 10/left lobe liver lesion 4 | NA | 6669 | 144 | CK7+/HepPar1+/GLYPICAN + | LEFT PARTIAL HEPATECTOMY + DS | R0 | HIPEC: P | No progression during follow up period | Alive(22 months) | Naffouje et al. (2016) |
| 37 | 47 | R 10 | NA | 451 | NA | AFP+ | ATH + BSO | R0.Infiltration of marrow, pancytopenia. | ChT: NA | NA | Died (3 months) | Lakhotia et al. (2016) |
| 38 | 41 | L 5 | IIIC | 335 | 114 | HepPar1+/ARGINASE+/GLYPICAN 3+/INH-/PAX8-/SALL 4- | CORE BIOPSY OF OMENTAL NODULE | R2. C. | Sorafenib. Progress: ChT CBP/PCTXL | Progress: 2 months | Died (2 months) | Mahmood et al. (2017) |
| 39 | 27 | R 10 | IA | 1210 (post op) | 10.05 | PANKERATIN+/AFP +/GLYPICAN+/HepPar 1+/SALL-4 focal + | R-SO + PC + BPL + PAoL + IOm + PB | R0 | ChT: BEP | No progression during follow up period | Alive (3 years) | Present case |
Abbreviations: IHC, immunohistochemistry; AAT, a1 antitrypsin; ACT, a1 antichymotrypsin; AFP, a-fetoprotein; ALB, albumin; CALRET, calretinin; Chromo, chromogranin; CK7, cytokeratin 7; EMA, epithelial membrane antigen; ER, estrogen receptor; HepPar1, hepatocyte-paraffin antigen 1; INH, inhibin; PAX 8, paired box gene 8; PR, progesterone receptor; SALL 4, Spalt-like transcription factor 4; WT1, Wilms tumor 1; RT, radiotherapy. C, carcinomatosisDS, Debulking surgery; TAH, total abdominal hysterectomy; BSO, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy; R-SO, right salpingo-oophorectomy; L-SO: lenft salpingo-oophorectomy; Om, omentectomy; POm, partial omentectomy; COm, complete omentectomy; IOm, infracolic omentectomy; PC, peritoneal cytology; AP, appendectomy; RL, retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy; BPL, bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy; PAoL, paraaortic lymphadenectomy; PB, peritoneum biopsies; RDP, right diaphragmatic peritonectomy; PP, pelvic peritonectomy; DAF, drainage of ascitic fluid; SC, supraclavicular; LN, lymph node; ChT: chemotherapy; CBP, carboplatin; PCTXL, paclitaxel; MFL, melphalan; EPIDX, epirrubicin, VLB, vinblastine; DCTXL, docetaxel; CDDP, cisplatin; BEP: bleomycin-etoposide-cisplatin; CDDP, cisplatin; CBDP, carboplatin; 5-FU, 5- fluorouracil; CTX, cyclophosphamide; GMZ, gemcitabine; DXR, doxorrubicine; MMc, mitomicine; IFX, ifosfamide; MMC, mitomicine; HIPER, hyperthermic intraoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy; IP, intraperitoneal.NA, not available, R: right, L: left.