Table 1.
Patient demographics and outcomes - comparison between early-time period (2009-2010) versus late-time period (2014-2015)
| MIS (n=512) |
Thoracotomy (n=281) |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2009-2010 (n=204) | 2014-2015 (n=308) | P | 2009-2010 (n=182) | 2014-2015 (n=99) | P | ||
| Age | 69 (61, 76) | 69 (62, 75) | 0.5 | 69 (62, 77) | 69 (63, 76) | 0.7 | |
| Sex | Female | 140 (69%) | 200 (65%) | 0.4 | 98 (54%) | 40 (40%) | 0.034 |
| Male | 64 (31%) | 108 (35%) | 84 (46%) | 59 (60%) | |||
| Smoking status | Never | 44 (22%) | 64 (21%) | 0.3 | 28 (15%) | 15 (15%) | 0.036 |
| Former | 131 (64%) | 214 (69%) | 121 (66%) | 77 (78%) | |||
| Current | 29 (14%) | 30 (10%) | 33 (18%) | 7 (7%) | |||
| COPD history | 35 (17%) | 69 (22%) | 0.17 | 55 (30%) | 31 (31%) | 0.9 | |
| CVD history | 37 (18%) | 54 (18%) | 0.9 | 41 (23%) | 30 (30%) | 0.15 | |
| DM history | 17 (8%) | 39 (13%) | 0.15 | 21 (12%) | 9 (9%) | 0.7 | |
| CCI | 0 | 109 (53%) | 177 (57%) | 0.11 | 74 (41%) | 49 (49%) | 0.4 |
| 1 | 40 (20%) | 80 (26%) | 53 (29%) | 24 (24%) | |||
| 2 | 39 (19%) | 35 (11%) | 28 (15%) | 15 (15%) | |||
| ≥3 | 16 (8%) | 16 (5%) | 27 (15%) | 11 (11%) | |||
| BMI | 26 (23, 29) | 26 (23, 30) | 0.4 | 26 (24, 30) | 27 (25, 31) | 0.018 | |
| FEV1 (%) | 94 (82, 106) | 97 (84, 108) | 0.2 | 88 (74, 101) | 86 (73, 100) | 0.6 | |
| DLCO (%) | 84 (71, 98) | 82 (70, 97) | 0.2 | 80 (66, 93) | 79 (67, 92) | 0.7 | |
| Resected lobe | RUL | 85 (42%) | 109 (35%) | 0.4 | 56 (31%) | 38 (38%) | 0.3 |
| RML | 9 (4%) | 19 (6%) | 10 (5%) | 8 (8%) | |||
| RLL | 34 (17%) | 66 (21%) | 42 (23%) | 14 (14%) | |||
| LUL | 50 (25%) | 70 (23%) | 43 (24%) | 24 (24%) | |||
| LLL | 26 (13%) | 44 (14%) | 31 (17%) | 15 (15%) | |||
| Epidural | No | 10 (5%) | 150 (49%) | <0.001 | 8 (4%) | 11 (11%) | 0.045 |
| Yes | 194 (95%) | 158 (51%) | 174 (96%) | 88 (89%) | |||
| Tumor size (cm) | 2.0 (1.5, 2.5) | 2.1 (1.5, 3.0) | 0.2 | 2.8 (2.0, 4.3) | 3.0 (2.0, 5.2) | 0.1 | |
| pStage | 1 | 163 (80%) | 244 (79%) | 0.9 | 121 (66%) | 49 (49%) | 0.007 |
| ≥2 | 41 (20%) | 64 (21%) | 61 (34%) | 50 (51%) | |||
| Histology | Adenocarcinoma | 181 (89%) | 264 (86%) | 0.8 | 120 (66%) | 69 (70%) | 0.3 |
| Squamous | 18 (9%) | 33 (11%) | 43 (24%) | 26 (26%) | |||
| Adenosquamous | 2 (1%) | 3 (1%) | 4 (2%) | 1 (1%) | |||
| Large/pleomorphic | 3 (1%) | 8 (3%) | 15 (8%) | 3 (3%) | |||
| Outcomes | |||||||
| LOS | 4 (3, 5) | 3 (3, 5) | 0.3 | 5 (4, 7) | 4 (3, 7) | 0.2 | |
| Grade 2* morbidity (any) | 20 (10%) | 33 (11%) | 0.8 | 27 (15%) | 14 (14%) | 1 | |
| Grade 2* morbidity (respiratory) | 7 (3%) | 19 (6%) | 0.2 | 10 (5%) | 9 (9%) | 0.3 | |
| Grade 2* morbidity (cardiovascular) | 13 (6%) | 16 (5%) | 0.6 | 15 (8%) | 4 (4%) | 0.2 | |
| Severe# morbidity (any) | 13 (6%) | 18 (6%) | 0.9 | 22 (12%) | 14 (14%) | 0.7 | |
| Severe# morbidity (respiratory) | 6 (3%) | 11 (4%) | 0.8 | 17 (9%) | 12 (12%) | 0.5 | |
| Severe# morbidity (cardiovascular) | 1 (0.5%) | 2 (1%) | 1 | 4 (2%) | 1 (1%) | 0.7 | |
| 30-day mortality | 1 (0.5%) | 2 (1%) | 1 | 0 (0%) | 2 (2%) | 0.12 | |
Data are number (%) or median (25%, 75%).
*
Grade 2 determined by common terminology criteria for adverse events (CTCAE).
#
CTCAE grade ≥3.
BMI, body mass index; CCI, Charlson comorbidity index; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CVD, cardiovascular disease; DLCO, diffusion capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide; DM, diabetes mellitus; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1 second; LOS, length of stay; MIS, minimally invasive surgery; pStage, pathologic stage.