Table 1.
Characteristics of patients before surgery who are included in the ENGAGE CVD (Effectiveness of Gastric Bypass versus Gastric Sleeve for Cardiovascular Disease) cohort study (n=22,095) by bariatric operation (vertical sleeve gastrectomy [VSG] and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass [RYGB]. Characteristics at the time of surgery are compared between VSG and RYGB.
| Characteristics | Overall (n=22,095) | VSGa (n=13,459) | RYGBb (n=8636) | P value |
| Age years), mean (SD) | 44.6 (11.35) | 44.1 (11.39) | 45.4 (11.25) | <.001 |
| Women, n (%) | 17,718 (80.19) | 10,850 (80.62) | 6868 (79.53) | .06 |
| Non-Hispanic black, n (%) | 4185 (18.94) | 2886 (21.44) | 1299 (15.04) | <.001 |
| Hispanic, n (%) | 9235 (41.80) | 5576 (41.43) | 3659 (42.37) | <.001 |
| Non-Hispanic white, n (%) | 7997 (36.19) | 4599 (34.17) | 3398 (39.35) | <.001 |
| Other, n (%) | 678 (3.07) | 398 (2.96) | 280 (3.24) | <.001 |
| Weight loss in the year before surgery (lbs), mean (SD) | −17.2 (14.74) | −17.8 (14.53) | −16.4 (15.02) | <.001 |
| BMI at surgery (kg/m2), mean (SD) | 44.3 (6.88) | 43.8 (6.63) | 45.1 (7.17) | <.001 |
| BMI 32-34.99 kg/m2 at surgery, n (%) | 808 (3.66) | 547 (4.06) | 261 (3.02) | <.001 |
| BMI 35-39.99 kg/m2 at surgery, n (%) | 5531 (25.03) | 3633 (26.99) | 1898 (21.98) | <.001 |
| BMI 40-49.99 kg/m2 at surgery, n (%) | 11,856 (53.66) | 7185 (53.38) | 4671 (54.09) | <.001 |
| BMI >50 kg/m2 at surgery, n (%) | 3900 (17.65) | 2094 (15.56) | 1806 (20.91) | <.001 |
| Any lifetime cardiovascular disease event before surgery, n (%) | 759 (3.44) | 421 (3.13) | 338 (3.91) | .002 |
| Gastroesophageal reflux disease in 2 years before surgery, n (%) | 8078 (36.56) | 4472 (33.23) | 3606 (41.76) | <.001 |
| Esophagitis in 2 years before surgery, n (%) | 388 (1.76) | 217 (1.61) | 171 (1.98) | .04 |
| Gastric ulcer in 2 years before surgery, n (%) | 153 (0.07) | 96 (0.071) | 57 (0.07) | .64 |
| Duodenal ulcer in 2 years before surgery, n (%) | 1411 (6.39) | 816 (6.06) | 595 (6.89) | .01 |
| Peptic ulcer in 2 years before surgery, n (%) | 346 (1.57) | 197 (1.46) | 149 (1.73) | .13 |
| Gastritis duodenitis in 2 years before surgery, n (%) | 2538 (11.49) | 1518 (11.28) | 1020 (11.81) | .23 |
| Dyspepsia in 2 years before surgery, n (%) | 2625 (11.88) | 1614 (11.99) | 1011 (11.71) | .52 |
| Hiatal hernia in 2 years before surgery, n (%) | 688 (3.11) | 382 (2.84) | 306 (3.54) | .003 |
| Gastrointestinal bleed in 2 years before surgery, n (%) | 9 (0.00) | 5 (0.00) | 4 (0.00) | .74 |
| Aspirin use in 1 year before surgery, n (%) | 3925 (17.76) | 1875 (13.93) | 2050 (23.74) | <.001 |
| Aspirin use in 3 months before surgery, n (%) | 2517 (11.39) | 1255 (9.32) | 1262 (14.61) | <.001 |
| NSAIDc use in 1 year before surgery, n (%) | 9630 (43.58) | 5916 (43.96) | 3714 (43.01) | .17 |
| NSAID use in 3 months before surgery, n (%) | 3260 (14.75) | 1985 (14.75) | 1275 (14.76) | .975 |
| Cirrhosis in 2 years before surgery, n (%) | 122 (0.01) | 77 (0.01) | 45 (0.01) | .62 |
| Sleep apnea in 2 years before surgery, n (%) | 3421 (15.48) | 1983 (14.73) | 1438 (16.65) | <.001 |
| Type 2 diabetes mellitus in 2 years before surgery, n (%) | 8114 (36.72) | 3827 (28.43) | 4287 (49.64) | <.001 |
| Hypertension in 2 years before surgery, n (%) | 11,887 (53.80) | 6704 (49.81) | 5183 (60.01) | <.001 |
| Chronic kidney disease in 2 years before surgery, n (%) | 2623 (11.87) | 1402 (10.42) | 1221 (14.14) | <.001 |
| Dyslipidemia in 2 years before surgery, n (%) | 16,090 (72.82) | 9409 (69.90) | 6681 (77.36) | <.001 |
| Any mental health condition in 2 years before surgery, n (%) | 11,967 (54.16) | 7153 (53.15) | 4814 (55.74) | <.001 |
| Attendance rate in 1 year before surgery (range 0%-100%), mean (SD) | 76.60 (12.39) | 76.30 (12.31) | 77.00 (12.49) | <.001 |
| Any inpatient visit 1 year before surgery, n (%) | 1317 (5.96) | 722 (5.36) | 595 (6.89) | <.001 |
| Any emergency department visit in 1 year before surgery, n (%) | 4655 (21.07) | 2788 (20.71) | 1867 (21.62) | .11 |
aVSG: vertical sleeve gastrectomy.
bRYGB: Roux-en-Y gastric bypass.
cNSAID: nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug.