Table 2.
Characteristics of patients before surgery in the ENGAGE CVD (Effectiveness of Gastric Bypass versus Gastric Sleeve for Cardiovascular Disease) cohort study who accumulated 5 years of follow-up after surgery (n=16,043). Findings are compared for those patients who had missing (2269/16,043; 14.14%) and no missing (13,774/16,043; 85.86%) data at 5 years following bariatric surgery.
| Variables | Accumulated 5 years of follow-up (N=16,043) | Missing 5-year data (N=2269) | Complete 5-year data (N=13,774) | P value |
| Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, n (%) | 6891 (42.95) | 1104 (48.66) | 5787 (42.01) | <.001 |
| Vertical sleeve gastrectomy, n (%) | 9152 (57.05) | 1165 (51.34) | 7987 (57.99) | <.001 |
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 44.1 (11.92) | 45.0 (9.54) | 44.0 (12.26) | .002 |
| Women, n (%) | 12,860 (80.16) | 1779 (78.40) | 11,081 (80.45) | .02 |
| Non-Hispanic black, n (%) | 3067 (19.12) | 375 (16.52) | 2692 (19.54) | <.001 |
| Hispanic, n (%) | 6470 (40.33) | 922 (40.64) | 5548 (40.28) | <.001 |
| Non-Hispanic white, n (%) | 6011 (37.47) | 929 (40.94) | 5082 (36.90) | <.001 |
| Other, n (%) | 495 (3.09) | 43 (1.90) | 452 (3.28) | <.001 |
| Weight loss in year before surgery (lbs), mean (SD) | −16.9 (15.01) | −17.3 (14.94) | −16.9 (15.02) | .04 |
| BMI at surgery (kg/m2), mean (SD) | 44.7 (6.95) | 44.8 (7.17) | 44.6 (6.91) | .59 |
| BMI 32-34.99 kg/m2 at surgery, n (%) | 508 (3.17) | 69 (3.04) | 439 (3.19) | .84 |
| BMI 35-39.99 kg/m2 at surgery, n (%) | 3701 (23.07) | 516 (22.74) | 3185 (23.12) | .84 |
| BMI 40-49.99 kg/m2 at surgery, n (%) | 8818 (54.96) | 1243 (54.78) | 7575 (55.00) | .84 |
| BMI >50 kg/m2 at surgery, n (%) | 3016 (18.80) | 441 (19.44) | 2575 (18.69) | .40 |
| Any lifetime cardiovascular disease event before surgery, n (%) | 759 (4.73) | 0 (0.00) | 759 (5.51) | <.001 |
| Gastroesophageal reflux disease in 2 years before surgery, n (%) | 5799 (36.15) | 800 (35.26) | 4999 (36.29) | .34 |
| Esophagitis in 2 years before surgery, n (%) | 281 (1.75) | 33 (1.45) | 248 (1.80) | .24 |
| Gastric ulcer in 2 years before surgery, n (%) | 108 (0.07) | 18 (0.08) | 90 (0.07) | .45 |
| Duodenal ulcer in 2 years before surgery, n (%) | 1089 (6.79) | 108 (4.76) | 981 (7.12) | <.001 |
| Peptic ulcer in 2 years before surgery, n (%) | 264 (1.65) | 39 (1.72) | 225 (1.63) | .77 |
| Gastritis duodenitis in 2 years before surgery, n (%) | 1767 (11.01) | 240 (10.58) | 1527 (11.09) | .47 |
| Dyspepsia in 2 years before surgery, n (%) | 1837 (11.45) | 262 (11.55) | 1575 (11.43) | .88 |
| Hiatal hernia in 2 years before surgery, n (%) | 476 (2.97) | 71 (3.13) | 405 (2.94) | .62 |
| Gastrointestinal bleed in 2 years before surgery, n (%) | 9 (0.00) | 2 (0.00) | 7 (0.00) | .49 |
| Aspirin use in 1 year before surgery, n (%) | 2999 (18.69) | 412 (18.16) | 2587 (18.78) | .48 |
| Aspirin use in 3 months before surgery, n (%) | 1900 (11.84) | 245 (10.80) | 1655 (12.02) | .10 |
| NSAIDa use in 1 year before surgery, n (%) | 6829 (42.57) | 986 (43.46) | 5843 (42.42) | .36 |
| NSAID use in three months before surgery, n (%) | 2342 (14.60) | 346 (15.25) | 1996 (14.49) | .34 |
| Cirrhosis in 2 years before surgery, n (%) | 84 (0.01) | 12 (0.01) | 72 (0.01) | .97 |
| Sleep apnea in 2 years before surgery, n (%) | 2330 (14.52) | 346 (15.25) | 1984 (14.40) | .29 |
| Type 2 diabetes mellitus in 2 years before surgery, n (%) | 5884 (36.68) | 849 (37.42) | 5035 (36.55) | .43 |
| Hypertension in 2 years before surgery, n (%) | 8768 (54.65) | 1270 (55.97) | 7498 (54.44) | .17 |
| Chronic kidney disease in 2 years before surgery, n (%) | 2170 (13.53) | 319 (14.06) | 1851 (13.44) | .42 |
| Dyslipidemia in 2 years before surgery, n (%) | 11,348 (70.73) | 1844 (81.27) | 9504 (69.00) | <.001 |
| Any mental illness in 2 years before surgery, n (%) | 8680 (54.10) | 1304 (57.47) | 7376 (5.355) | <.001 |
| Attendance rate in 1 year before surgery (range 0%-100%), mean (SD) | 76.70 (12.53) | 76.50 (12.31) | 76.70 (12.56) | .19 |
| Any inpatient visit 1 year before surgery, n (%) | 1081 (6.74) | 159 (7.01) | 922 (6.69) | .58 |
| Any emergency department visit in 1 year before surgery, n (%) | 3414 (21.28) | 433 (19.08) | 2981 (21.64) | .006 |
aNSAID: nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug.