Table 1.
Neighborhood characteristics by overall hospital performance quartile
| Lowest Performing | Highest Performing | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Neighborhood Social Risk Factor N=3608 |
Quartile 1 % or mean (sd) |
Quartile 2 % or mean (sd) |
Quartile 3 % or mean (sd) |
Quartile 4 % or mean (sd) |
P-valuea |
| Povertyb | |||||
| Median family income, mean $ | 52,239 (18,035) | 52,888 (18,709) | 54,111 (17,987) | 59,259 (20.601) | <0.001 |
| Single-parent households, % | 20.4 (6.5) | 18.1 (5.4) | 16.5 (4.7) | 15.5 (4.9) | <0.001 |
| Insurance | |||||
| Dual-eligible Medicaid/Medicare, % | 2.8 (1.4) | 2.5 (1.3) | 2.3 (1.3) | 2.0 (1.1) | <0.001 |
| Uninsured, % | 13.2 (5.2) | 12.1 (5.2) | 11.1 (4.7) | 10.5 (5.0) | <0.001 |
| Housing | |||||
| Median home value, mean $ | 202,825 (158,570) | 177,572 (138,374) | 192,568 (160,061) | 217,961 (173,326) | <0.001 |
| Household size, mean no. | 2.6 (0.4) | 2.6 (0.3) | 2.5 (0.3) | 2.5 (0.3) | <0.001 |
| Educationc | |||||
| Less than high school graduation, % | 15.8 (7.6) | 14.2 (7.4) | 12.8 (6.5) | 10.9 (5.8) | <0.001 |
| Unemployment, % | 8.9 (3.3) | 7.8 (3.0) | 7.1 (2.7) | 6.4 (2.5) | <0.001 |
| Black race, % | 18.0 (19.1) | 11.6 (14.8) | 8.7 (13.1) | 7.7 (11.4) | <0.001 |
| Language other than English, % | 22.1 (20.4) | 16.3 (17.2) | 14.0 (14.6) | 14.4 (13.0) | <0.001 |
| Travel to work > 45 minutes, % | 15.6 (9.9) | 14.1 (7.6) | 13.7 (7.6) | 12.4 (7.0) | <0.001 |
| Geographic catchment aread | |||||
| Total population, mean no. | 114,835 (97,441) | 75,534 (86,396) | 60,628 (70,866) | 76,062 (92,346) | <0.001 |
| Catchment radius, mean mi2 | 7.4 (7.8) | 8.9 (9.5) | 8.4 (8.1) | 7.8 (9.3) | <0.001 |
a
P-values based on one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA)
b
Median family income below federal poverty level was removed due to collinearity
c
Calculated for adults aged ≥25 years
d
A geographic catchment area for each hospital was defined based on the hospital’s size and total population in the immediately surrounding geographic region