Table 3.
Sociodemographic characteristics, perceptions of the learning environment, and approaches to studying in the sample and among men and women
| Variables | Total | Men (n = 37) |
Women (n = 149) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sociodemographic variables | n | M (SD) | M (SD) | M (SD) |
| Age | 185 | 22.9 (4.6) | 24.5 (5.5) | 22.5 (4.3) |
| Time on independent study | 182 | 9.3 (7.0) | 9.6 (7.9) | 9.3 (6.8) |
| n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | ||
| Priority line of study | 186 | 117 (62.9) | 24 (64.9) | 93 (62.4) |
| Prior higher education | 186 | 78 (41.9) | 22 (59.5) | 56 (37.6) |
| Learning environment | M (SD) | M (SD) | M (SD) | |
| Clear goals and standards | 185 | 16.6 (3.9) | 17.0 (3.9) | 16.5 (3.9) |
| Student autonomy | 186 | 18.6 (4.2) | 18.4 (4.6) | 18.7 (4.1) |
| Good teaching | 185 | 27.2 (6.2) | 26.3 (5.6) | 27.4 (6.4) |
| Appropriate workload | 186 | 15.2 (3.7) | 15.7 (3.5) | 15.0 (3.8) |
| Generic skills | 186 | 22.9 (4.1) | 23.1 (3.4) | 22.8 (4.3) |
| Approaches to studying | ||||
| Deep approach | 186 | 56.6 (8.6) | 58.9 (11.2) | 56.0 (7.8) |
| Strategic approach | 186 | 72.1 (10.3) | 68.8 (9.4) | 72.9 (10.4) |
| Surface approach | 186 | 47.3 (9.2) | 45.4 (9.8) | 47.8 (9.1) |
When n < 187 the valid percent is stated. The variable ‘Time on independent study’ is average number of hours spent on independent studying during a typical week