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. 2020 Apr 20;18:66. doi: 10.1186/s12964-020-00556-3

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 1 — Perisciatic nerve administration of l-CDL on the operated side attenuated CCI-induced neuropathic pain. a, b Time course of the mechanical and thermal thresholds of SD rats at days 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 14, and 20 after surgery compared with those of the control group. c, d Time course of the mechanical and thermal thresholds of SD rats after a single intramuscular injection of l-CDL (1.5, 3, and 6 mg/kg) around the muscles directly adjacent to the sciatic nerve on the operated side of CCI rats at day 15 after surgery (n = 6; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, and ***P < 0.001, compared with 0 h of each group; #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01, and ###P < 0.001, compared with the control group). e, f Time course of the mechanical and thermal thresholds of SD rats after multiple injections of l-CDL (1.5, 3, and 6 mg/kg) around the muscles directly adjacent to the sciatic nerve on the operated side of CCI rats for 7 consecutive days. The mechanical and thermal thresholds were tested 2 h after l-CDL treatment each day (n = 6; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, and ***P < 0.001, compared with 14 d; #P < 0.05, and ##P < 0.01, compared with the control group)