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. 2020 Apr 20;8:55. doi: 10.1186/s40168-020-00827-8

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 1 — Ecological mechanisms shaping the tropical and subtropical surface-ocean picoplankton. a Position of the 120 stations included in this work that were sampled as part of the Malaspina-2010 expedition (green dots) in the tropical and subtropical ocean. A snapshot of the global sea surface temperature, a main environmental driver affecting microbial distributions, is shown as a general representation of the temperature gradients in the surface ocean (as inferred using the ‘optimum interpolation sea surface temperature’ dataset from the NOAA corresponding to the 17 of March of 2018). Note that temperatures measured in situ were used in all analyses, not the ones displayed here. b Percentage of the community turnover associated to different ecological processes in prokaryotes and picoeukaryotes in the tropical and subtropical upper ocean as calculated using OTUs_-99% and OTUs_-ASVs. Note that percentage refers to the percentage of pairs of communities that appear to be driven by a given process