Table 1.
Characteristics of study participants and fasting biochemistry
| SFA | SUGAR | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre | Post | Pre | Post | |
| Weight (kg) | 89.3 ± 2.6 | 90.8 ± 2.8* | 89.8 ± 2.5 | 90.1 ± 2.6 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 27.7 ± 0.6 | 28.1 ± 0.6* | 27.9 ± 0.5 | 28.0 ± 0.5 |
| Waist (cm) | 98 ± 2 | 99 ± 2* | 99 ± 2 | 99 ± 2 |
| Fasting plasma biochemical parameters | ||||
| Glucose (mmol/L) | 5.3 ± 0.1 | 5.5 ± 0.1 | 5.3 ± 0.1 | 5.2 ± 0.1 |
| Insulin (mU/L) | 10.7 ± 0.9 | 9.2 ± 1.2 | 10.3 ± 1.4 | 9.3 ± 1.0 |
| HOMA-IR | 2.5 ± 0.3 | 2.2 ± 0.3 | 2.5 ± 0.3 | 2.2 ± 0.2 |
| NEFA (µmol/L) | 429 ± 56 | 378 ± 27 | 396 ± 42 | 410 ± 42 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4.8 ± 0.2 | 4.7 ± 0.2 | 5.0 ± 0.2 | 4.4 ± 0.2* |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.2 ± 0.1 | 1.2 ± 0.1 | 1.3 ± 0.1 | 1.0 ± 0.1* |
| Non-HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 3.6 ± 0.2 | 3.5 ± 0.2 | 3.7 ± 0.2 | 3.4 ± 0.1* |
| TAG (mmol/L) | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 1.1 ± 0.1 |
| 3-OHB (µmol/L) | 85.7 ± 33.1 | 45.1 ± 6.5 | 73.1 ± 16.5 | 39.6 ± 5.0* |
| Adiponectin (µg/mL) | 8.1 ± 0.9 | 8.8 ± 1.0 | 9.5 ± 0.9 | 7.2 ± 0.9* |
| ALT (IU/L) | 11 ± 1 | 12 ± 2 | 10 ± 1 | 9 ± 1 |
| FGF21 (pg/mL) | 138.7 ± 13.6 | 197.3 ± 24.3* | 193 ± 25.6 | 248.1 ± 37.7* |
| Fetuin-A (µg/mL) | 1,160.3 ± 39.1 | 1,119.4 ± 50.8 | 1,199.4 ± 61.9 | 1,154.1 ± 67.5 |
| Indirect calorimetry measures | ||||
| Fasting RQ | 0.73 ± 0.02 | 0.76 ± 0.01 | ||
| Postprandial RQ | 0.81 ± 0.03 | 0.82 ± 0.02 | ||
| Fasting REE (kcal) | 1,817.5 ± 81.2 | 1,665.0 ± 56.6 | ||
| Postprandial REE (kcal) | 1,829.6 ± 54.7 | 1,741.8 ± 84.8 | ||
Data are means ± SEM. ALT, alanine aminotransferase; FGF21, fibroblast growth factor 21; HOMA-IR, HOMA of insulin resistance; 3-OHB, β-hydroxybutyrate; Pre, before consumption of SFA or SUGAR diet for 4 weeks; Post, after consumption of SFA or SUGAR diet for 4 weeks; TAG, triacylglycerol. n = 16.
*
P < 0.05 prediet vs. postdiet.